Crystal Peak (Mount Riordan) garnet deposit, Apex Mountain, Osoyoos Mining Division, British Columbia, Canadai
Regional Level Types | |
---|---|
Crystal Peak (Mount Riordan) garnet deposit | Deposit |
Apex Mountain | - not defined - |
Osoyoos Mining Division | Division |
British Columbia | Province |
Canada | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
49° 23' 35'' North , 119° 55' 51'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Locality type:
KΓΆppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
Place | Population | Distance |
---|---|---|
Penticton | 37,721 (2017) | 26.8km |
Summerland | 6,292 (2008) | 29.7km |
Oliver | 4,647 (2008) | 36.0km |
Peachland | 1,305 (2006) | 43.8km |
Osoyoos | 4,314 (2008) | 53.0km |
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
Club | Location | Distance |
---|---|---|
Penticton Geology & Lapidary Club | Penticton, British Columbia | 27km |
Princeton Rock and Fossil Club | Princeton, British Columbia | 43km |
The Crystal Peak garnet deposit is located on Mount Riordan, about 2 kilometres west of the Apex Mountain ski terminal, or 26 kilometres west-southwest of Penticton, British Columbia, in the Osoyoos Mining Division.
There is a description of the property, including regional geology, on the British Columbia βMinfileβ site, current to 2008. Portions relative to geology are quoted below:
βThe deposit is hosted in a roof pendant of carbonate-rich sediments (limestone) of the Upper Triassic French Mine Formation, Nicola Group that has been almost completely replaced by garnet-rich skarn. The roof pendant is intruded from the north and east by hornblende porphyritic granodiorite of the Middle Jurassic Bromley batholith (locally known as Mount Riordan stock), part of the Middle Jurassic Nelson intrusions (Bulletin 101 [Ray and Webster, 1997]).
An elongate mass of garnetite trending north-northwest for up to 900 metres lies centred on Mount Riordan. The deposit contains three major, high grade zones (60 to 100 per cent garnet) outcropping over a total area of 3.35 hectares. Remnant bodies of microdiorite up to 30 metres in diameter are scattered about a broad zone lying in the centre of the skarn.
The skarn consists of massive and coarsely crystalline garnetite comprised of approximately 90 per cent andradite and 10 per cent grossularite [sic]. Garnet crystals typically contain andradite-rich cores and grossularite-rich margins. The garnet is usually brown and green, with minor black, red-brown, pink and yellow-green varieties. Diopside, quartz, calcite, epidote, actinolite, hedenbergite, clinopyroxene and magnetite occur in relatively low quantities. Traces of chlorite, wollastonite, scheelite and various sulphides are also present. Total impurities amount to 5 to 15 per cent of the skarn. Calcite occurs as rare flat lying or gently dipping marble layers, as interstitial blebs 1 to 3 millimetres in diameter, and as small veins developed near the summit of Mount Riordan.
Scheelite mineralization tends to occur as small crystals less than 1 millimetre in diameter sparsely disseminated or clustered throughout the skarn, and as blebs, coarse crystalline masses and veinlets up to 5 centimetres in width and 3 metres in length near the summit of Mount Riordan. A grab sample of scheelite-rich mineralization taken near the summit contained in excess of 5 per cent tungsten (Fieldwork, 1987 [Ray, et al. 1988, p. 76, Table I-5-5]). Some scheelite-rich sections also contain coarse axinite.
Pockets, irregular veinlets and blebs of magnetite intergrown with variable amounts of pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and traces of bornite are also present in the skarn. This mineralization is best developed in a series of gossanous zones found along a west trending linear structure in the northern half of the deposit. A grab sample of magnetite-rich mineralization assayed 1.69 grams per tonne gold, 19 grams per tonne silver, 0.74 per cent copper and 0.11 per cent zinc (Fieldwork, 1987 [Ray, et al. 1988, p. 76, Table I-5-5]).β
Giles Peatfield comments:
This area, initially explored as a copper-gold occurrence, was described by Robertson (1902) who reported βcopper pyritesβ (chalcopyrite), βgarnetiteβ and pyrrhotite. McCammon (1954) reported the discovery of scheelite mineralization on the βBillie Goat, Shamrock, etc.β claims on Mount Riordan. This tungsten discovery was apparently toward the last years of World War II, but there was little follow-up work. Note that McCammonβs spelling βBillie Goatβ is incorrect; the claim was Crown Granted (βpatentedβ for USA readers) as the Billy Goat in 1905 β see Annual Report of the British Columbia Minister of Mines for the year 1905.
This garnet deposit never reached the production stage. Extensive drilling outlined a substantial resource of attractive grade garnet-bearing skarn, with material suitable for industrial usage, primarily sand-blasting. Notwithstanding this, the project encountered passionate protests from local residents and from the nearby Apex-Alpine ski development. The British Columbia Government sided with the protesters and the project was denied approval. The resource, as stated by Minfile, was as follows:
βIndicated reserves at the North zone are 17,955,000 tonnes grading 80 per cent garnet; indicated reserves at the West Zone are 11,848,200 tonnes grading 78 per cent garnet; indicated reserves at the South zone are 10,663,380 tonnes grading 77 per cent garnet (Mineral Development Assessment Process - Crystal Peak Garnet, Stage 1 Report, March 1991).β
Note that these resources, although carefully prepared, would not necessarily be compliant with National Instrument 43-101 guidelines, which have changed since the resource estimates were made.
Comments on the Minerals Reported:
Note that all but three of the minerals listed were reported by Ray, et al. (1992). The exceptions will by noted in the comments below. I have given comments for those minerals with special characteristics. Others in the list are those one would commonly expect in a deposit of this type.
Bornite: Ray, et al. (1988; 1992) reported that bornite is present in only trace amounts.
Chalcopyrite: Robertson (1902) reported βcopper pyritesβ; Ray, et al. (1992) described chalcopyrite as a minor constituent in the garnet skarn.
Clinopyroxene Subgroup: McCammon (1954) reported diopside in skarn; Ray, et al. (1992) reported that βMicroprobe analyses indicate that the pyroxenes at Mount Riordan . . . contain less than 1.3 wt percent MnO . . . . The pyroxene crystals show no optical or chemical zoning and range from Hd41 to Hd51 mole percent . . . .β
Feldspar Group, var. orthoclase: Ray, et al. reported that in the unaltered portions of the Mount Riordan stock orthoclase is altered and has marked optical zoning.
Feldspar Group, var. plagioclase: Ray, et al. reported that hornblende crystals in the Mount Riordan stock contain inclusions of plagioclase, quartz and pyrite; and that coarse plagioclase ranged in composition from An15 to An42.
Garnet Group: Keep (1990) reported that βGarnets from 32 samples from the Mt. Riordan property were analyzed with an electron microprobe (EMP) at the University of British Columbia.β Given the subject matter, it is worth quoting her conclusions in full. βAll of the garnets from the Mt. Riordan Peak property are part of the andradite-grossular transition. Of the 32 samples analyzed, 27 comprise grains with an andradite component greater than 65%. Only 5 samples have garnets with a high grossular component. The samples can be subdivided into 3 main groups including those that have a high andradite component and minimal compositional variation, those with high andradite concentrations and an expanded range of composition, and those that are mostly grossular-rich with a large compositional range. Compositional variation due to zoning involves both a slight increase and a slight decrease in andradite towards the rim. However, these increases and decreases in composition are small, in most cases representing less than a 10% change in the andradite component.β In overall terms, it is safe to refer to this as an andraditic skarn deposit.
Hematite?: Grond and Wolfe (1990) reported βhematite stainingβ in drill core, but gave no details.
Jarosite: Ray, et al. (1992) described jarosite as a weathering product of the sulfide minerals, but gave no specific data.
Malachite?: Grond and Wolfe (1990) reported βcopper stainingβ in drill core. I have interpreted this as probably malachite.
Mica Group, var. biotite: Ray, et al. reported biotite as a constituent of the Mount Riordan stock.
Mica Group, var. sericite: Grond, et al. (1991) reported sericite as an alteration product in diopside in the garnet skarn.
Powellite: Ray, et al. (1988) reported powellite as βtentativeβ; in 1992, they reported that it had been X-ray confirmed.
Wad?: Grond and Wolfe (1990) reported βmanganese stainingβ, in some cases with dendritic growth patterns. I have chosen the generic term βwadβ for this occurrence.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsDetailed Mineral List:
β Actinolite Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β 'Axinite Group' Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β 'Chlorite Group' Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Diopside Formula: CaMgSi2O6 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Epidote Formula: {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β 'Feldspar Group' Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β 'Garnet Group' Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Hedenbergite Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Hematite ? Formula: Fe2O3 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β 'Hornblende' Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Jarosite Formula: KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Malachite ? Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β 'Mica Group' Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Muscovite var. Sericite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Orthoclase Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β 'Plagioclase' Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Powellite Formula: Ca(MoO4) Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β 'Pyroxene Group' Formula: ADSi2O6 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe1-xS Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Quartz Formula: SiO2 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Scheelite Formula: Ca(WO4) Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Titanite Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Tremolite Formula: ◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Vesuvianite Formula: Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β 'Wad' ? Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Wollastonite Formula: Ca3(Si3O9) Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
β Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) Reference: personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
---|---|---|---|
β | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
β | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
β | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
β | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
β | Hematite ? | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
β | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
β | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
β | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
β | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
β | Malachite ? | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
β | Jarosite | 7.BC.10 | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
β | Powellite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(MoO4) |
β | Scheelite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(WO4) |
Group 9 - Silicates | |||
β | Actinolite | 9.DE.10 | β»Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
β | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
β | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
β | Hedenbergite | 9.DA.15 | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
β | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
β | var. Sericite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
β | Orthoclase | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
β | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
β | Tremolite | 9.DE.10 | β»{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
β | Vesuvianite | 9.BG.35 | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(β»4)β»[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
β | Wollastonite | 9.DG.05 | Ca3(Si3O9) |
β | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
β | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
β | 'Axinite Group' | - | |
β | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
β | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
β | 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
β | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
β | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
β | 'Hornblende' | - | |
β | 'Mica Group' | - | |
β | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
β | 'Pyroxene Group' | - | ADSi2O6 |
β | 'Wad' ? | - |
List of minerals for each chemical element
H | Hydrogen | |
---|---|---|
H | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
H | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
H | β Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
H | β Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
H | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
H | β Tremolite | ◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
H | β Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
H | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
H | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
H | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
C | Carbon | |
C | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
C | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
O | Oxygen | |
O | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
O | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
O | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
O | β Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
O | β Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
O | β Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
O | β Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
O | β Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
O | β Powellite | Ca(MoO4) |
O | β Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
O | β Quartz | SiO2 |
O | β Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
O | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
O | β Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
O | β Tremolite | ◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
O | β Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
O | β Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
O | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
O | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
O | β Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
O | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
O | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
O | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
O | β Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
O | β Hematite | Fe2O3 |
O | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
F | Fluorine | |
F | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
F | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Na | Sodium | |
Na | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Mg | Magnesium | |
Mg | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
Mg | β Tremolite | ◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
Mg | β Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
Mg | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Mg | β Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
Al | Aluminium | |
Al | β Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Al | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Al | β Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
Al | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Al | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
Al | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Al | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Si | Silicon | |
Si | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
Si | β Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Si | β Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
Si | β Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
Si | β Quartz | SiO2 |
Si | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Si | β Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Si | β Tremolite | ◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
Si | β Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
Si | β Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
Si | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
Si | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Si | β Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
Si | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
Si | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Si | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Si | β Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
P | Phosphorus | |
P | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
S | Sulfur | |
S | β Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
S | β Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
S | β Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
S | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
S | β Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
Cl | Chlorine | |
Cl | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
K | Potassium | |
K | β Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
K | β Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
K | β Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
K | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
K | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Ca | Calcium | |
Ca | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
Ca | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
Ca | β Calcite | CaCO3 |
Ca | β Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Ca | β Powellite | Ca(MoO4) |
Ca | β Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
Ca | β Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Ca | β Tremolite | ◻{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
Ca | β Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
Ca | β Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
Ca | β Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
Ca | β Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
Ca | β Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
Ti | Titanium | |
Ti | β Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
Ti | β Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Ti | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Fe | Iron | |
Fe | β Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
Fe | β Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
Fe | β Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Fe | β Epidote | {Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
Fe | β Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
Fe | β Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
Fe | β Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
Fe | β Pyrite | FeS2 |
Fe | β Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
Fe | β Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
Fe | β Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
Fe | β Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
Fe | β Hematite | Fe2O3 |
Cu | Copper | |
Cu | β Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
Cu | β Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Cu | β Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
Zr | Zirconium | |
Zr | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
Mo | Molybdenum | |
Mo | β Powellite | Ca(MoO4) |
W | Tungsten | |
W | β Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
References
Sort by
Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)Grond, H. C. and Wolfe, R. 1990. Geological and Diamond Drilling Report on the Crystal Peak Garnet Property, Osoyoos Mining Division, Southern B. C. Geological Branch Assessment Report 19,991.
Grond, H. C., Wolfe, R., Montgomery, J. H. and Giroux, G. H. 1991. A massive skarn-hosted andradite deposit near Penticton, British Columbia, in Industrial Minerals of Alberta and British Columbia, Canada. British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Geological Survey Branch, Open File 1991-23, pp. 131-133.
Keep, Myra. 1990. Garnet Electron Microprobe Analyses form the Mt. Riordah Property, Apex Alpine, British Columbia. Appendix II in Grond and Wolfe, 1990.
McCammon, J.W. 1954. Mount Riordan β Tungsten-Copper β Billie Goat, Shamrock, etc., in Minister of Mines, Province of British Columbia, Annual Report For the Year Ended 31st December 1953, pp. A107-A108.
Ray, G. E., Dawson, G. L. and Simpson, R. 1988. Geology, Geochemistry and Metallogenic Zoning in the Hedley Gold-Skarn Camp (92H/08; 82E/05), in Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, British Columbia Geological Survey, Geological Fieldwork 1987, Paper 1988-1, pp. 59-80.
Ray, G. E., Grond, H. C., Dawson, G. L. and Webster, I. C. L. 1992. The Mount Riordan (Crystal Peak) Garnet Skarn, Hedley District, Southern British Columbia. Economic Geology, Vol. 87, pp. 1862-1876.
Ray, G. E. and Webster, I. C. L. 1997. Skarns in British Columbia. British Columbia Ministry of Employment and Investment, Energy and Minerals Division, Geological Survey Branch, Bulletin 101.
Robertson, William Fleet. 1902. Report of the Provincial Mineralogist in the Vernon, Kettle River, Osoyoos and Similkameen Mining Divisions β Osoyoos Mining Division, Riordan Mountain, in Report of the [British Columbia] Minister of Mines, 1901, p. 1160.
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