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Chalcopyrite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Mark Kucera
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About ChalcopyriteHide

Formula:
CuFeS2
Colour:
Brass yellow, often with an iridescent tarnish.
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3½ - 4
Specific Gravity:
4.1 - 4.3
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Named in 1725 by Johann Friedrich Henckel from the Greek "chalkos", copper, and "pyrites", strike fire.
Chalcopyrite Group. Chalcopyrite-Eskebornite Series.

A major ore of copper. Common in sulfide veins and disseminated in igneous rocks.
Weathering may lead to the formation of malachite, azurite, brochantite, langite and numerous other secondary copper minerals.

A Zn-rich variety is known from Atlantis II Deep (see zincian chalcopyrite). Also, the Mid-Atlantic-ridge isocubanite may transform to chalcopyrite and UM1994-22-S:CuFe (Cu1-xFe3+xS4 (Wintenberger et al., 1994).

Compare, e.g., UM1991-16-S:CuFeTl, UM1988-17-S:CuFe, UM1988-18-S:CuFe, and UM2003-19-S:CuFe.




Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
955
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:955:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
df29f066-8003-4d03-8cf1-297f65f28347

IMA Classification of ChalcopyriteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of ChalcopyriteHide

2.CB.10a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
B : With Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, etc.
Dana 7th ed.:
2.9.1.1
2.9.1.1

2 : SULFIDES
9 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:1
3.1.25

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
1 : Sulphides etc. of Cu

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
CcpIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
CcpKretz (1983)Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279.
CcpSiivolam & Schmid (2007)Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download
CcpWhitney & Evans (2010)Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
CpThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Pronunciation of ChalcopyriteHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of ChalcopyriteHide

Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Brass yellow, often with an iridescent tarnish.
Streak:
Greenish black
Hardness:
3½ - 4 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=187 - Vickers
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
Indistinct on {011}, sometimes distinct.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.1 - 4.3 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.18 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of ChalcopyriteHide

Anisotropism:
Weak, but distinct blue-gray to yellow-green
Bireflectance:
Weak
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1R2
400nm16.0%17.3%
420nm20.0%21.3%
440nm24.8%26.1%
460nm30.2%31.4%
480nm34.9%35.9%
500nm38.9%39.9%
520nm41.9%42.7%
540nm44.0%44.9%
560nm45.4%46.4%
580nm46.6%47.6%
600nm47.1%48.3%
620nm47.5%48.6%
640nm47.6%48.7%
660nm47.6%48.7%
680nm47.6%48.6%
700nm47.6%48.6%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 48.7%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
yellow against a white/gray phase, greenish-yellow when next to gold
Internal Reflections:
None
Pleochroism:
Weak

Chemistry of ChalcopyriteHide

Mindat Formula:
CuFeS2
Common Impurities:
Ag,Au,In,Tl,Se,Te

Age distributionHide

Recorded ages:
Phanerozoic : 299.7 ± 1.8 Ma to 57 Ma - based on 7 recorded ages.

Crystallography of ChalcopyriteHide

Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4 2m - Scalenohedral
Space Group:
I4 2d
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.289 Å, c = 10.423 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.971
Unit Cell V:
291.57 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Typically found as equant to wedge-shaped pseudo-tetrahedral dispenoidal crystals, often modified by tetragonal scalenohedral faces. Mostly found massive or in disseminated grains and major deposits of such material are known.
Twinning:
Twinned on {112} and {012}, penetration or cyclic.
Comment:
Subcell: I-centred tetragonal, a = 3.74, c = 5.21 Å.

Crystallographic forms of ChalcopyriteHide

Crystal Atlas:
Image Loading
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Chalcopyrite no.13 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Chalcopyrite no.19 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Chalcopyrite no.37 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Chalcopyrite no.58 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

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Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0018622ChalcopyriteKnight K S, Marshall W G, Zochowski S W (2011) The low-temperature and high-pressure thermoelastic and structural properties of chalcopyrite, CuFeS2 The Canadian Mineralogist 49 1015-10342011Palabora mine, South Africa0300
0018623ChalcopyriteKnight K S, Marshall W G, Zochowski S W (2011) The low-temperature and high-pressure thermoelastic and structural properties of chalcopyrite, CuFeS2 The Canadian Mineralogist 49 1015-10342011Palabora mine, South Africa04.2
0009476ChalcopyriteHall S R, Stewart J M (1973) The crystal structure refinement of chalcopyrite, CuFeS2 Acta Crystallographica B29 579-58519730293
0017661ChalcopyritePauling L, Brockway L (1932) The Crystal Structure of Chalkopyrite Cu Fe S2 _cod_database_code 1010940 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 82 188-19419320293
0017651ChalcopyriteBurdick C, Ellis J (1917) The Crystal Structure of Chalcopyrite Determined by X-Rays _cod_database_code 1010929 Journal of the American Chemical Society 39 2519-252519170293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

Epitaxial Relationships of ChalcopyriteHide

Epitaxial Minerals:
PyriteFeS2
Epitaxy Comments:
Pyrite on chalcopyrite from Ege-Khay, Yakutia, Russia (Novgorodova 1977).

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.04 Å(100)
2.64 Å(10)
1.87 Å(20)
1.86 Å(40)
1.59 Å(300
1.57 Å(10)
1.21 Å(10)
1.08 Å(10)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Geological Setting:
It is the most abundant copper-bearing mineral and is widespread. It is a primary mineral in hydrothermal veins, disseminations, and massive replacements; the principal copper mineral of porphyry copper deposits.

Synonyms of ChalcopyriteHide

Other Language Names for ChalcopyriteHide

Varieties of ChalcopyriteHide

Blister CopperA botryoidal variety of chalcopyrite.
Gold-bearing ChalcopyriteA gold-bearing variety of chalcopyrite; probably microscopic or nano-inclusions of gold in the chalcopyrite.
PGE-rich ChalcopyriteA variety, suggested to be a part of a solid solution, extremely rich in platinum-group elements (PGE): up to 43.7 wt.% total PGE.
Silver-bearing ChalcopyriteIn association, i.a., with 'Unnamed (Ag Antimonide)', electrum, schapbachite, hessite, and other species.
Tin-bearing ChalcopyriteA tin-bearing variety of chalcopyrite.
Zinc-bearing ChalcopyriteFound as hexagonal (-outline) grains, 10-15 microns in size.

Relationship of Chalcopyrite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
EskeborniteCuFeSe2Tet. 4 2m : P4 2c
GalliteCuGaS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
LaforêtiteAgInS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
LenaiteAgFeS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
RoquesiteCuInS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
ShenzhuangiteNiFeS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
Unnamed (Cu-Mn-Sn Sulpide)Cu2MnSnS4
Forms a series with:

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
5,603 photos of Chalcopyrite associated with QuartzSiO2
3,586 photos of Chalcopyrite associated with CalciteCaCO3
3,237 photos of Chalcopyrite associated with SphaleriteZnS
2,627 photos of Chalcopyrite associated with GalenaPbS
2,091 photos of Chalcopyrite associated with PyriteFeS2
2,031 photos of Chalcopyrite associated with DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
1,457 photos of Chalcopyrite associated with FluoriteCaF2
981 photos of Chalcopyrite associated with SideriteFeCO3
728 photos of Chalcopyrite associated with BaryteBaSO4
668 photos of Chalcopyrite associated with BorniteCu5FeS4

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.CB.AgmantiniteAg2MnSnS4Orth.
2.CB.RichardsiteZn2CuGaS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.GachingiteAu(Te1-xSex)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.TolstykhiteAu3S4Te6Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.HanswilkeiteKFeS2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.CB.AuroselenideAuSeMon. 2/m : B2/m
2.CB.Ruizhongite(Ag2◻)Pb3Ge2S8Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
2.CB.OkruginiteCu2SnSe3Mon. m : Bb
2.CB.05aColoradoiteHgTeIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aHawleyiteCdSIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aMetacinnabarHgSIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05cPolhemusite(Zn,Hg)STet.
2.CB.05bSakuraiite(Cu,Zn,Fe)3(In,Sn)S4 Iso.
2.CB.05aSphaleriteZnSIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aStilleiteZnSeIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aTiemanniteHgSeIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05UM1998-15-S:CuFeZnCu2Fe3Zn5S10
2.CB.05aRudashevskyite(Fe,Zn)SIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aIshiharaite(Cu,Ga,Fe,In,Zn)SIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.07aShenzhuangiteNiFeS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.07aUnnamed (Cu-Mn-Sn Sulpide)Cu2MnSnS4
2.CB.10aEskeborniteCuFeSe2Tet. 4 2m : P4 2c
2.CB.10aGalliteCuGaS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10bHaycockiteCu4Fe5S8Orth. 2 2 2
2.CB.10aLenaiteAgFeS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10bMooihoekiteCu9Fe9S16Tet. 4 2m : P4 2m
2.CB.10bPutoraniteCu1.1Fe1.2S2Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pn3m
2.CB.10aRoquesiteCuInS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10bTalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m
2.CB.10aLaforêtiteAgInS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10aUnnamed (Cu-Zn-In Sulphide)CuZn2InS4
2.CB.10aUM1984-30-S:CuFeSnCu2Fe2Sn3S7
2.CB.10cOmariniiteCu8Fe2ZnGe2S12Orth. 2 2 2 : I2 2 2
2.CB.15aČernýiteCu2(Cd,Zn,Fe)SnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15aFerrokësteriteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aHocartiteAg2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15aIdaiteCu5FeS6Hex.
2.CB.15aKësteriteCu2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aKuramiteCu3SnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15bMohiteCu2SnS3Mon.
2.CB.15aPirquitasiteAg2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aStanniteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15cStannoiditeCu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12Orth. 2 2 2 : I2 2 2
2.CB.15aVelikiteCu2HgSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15cUM2006-11-S:CuFeGeZnCu8(Fe,Zn)3Ge2S12 (?)
2.CB.17a vArsenic-bearing RenieriteCu11GeAsFe4S16
2.CB.20ChatkaliteCu6FeSn2S8Tet. 4 2m : P4m2
2.CB.20MawsoniteCu6Fe2SnS8Tet. 4 2m : P4m2
2.CB.30Argyropyritenear Ag2Fe7S11
2.CB.30ColusiteCu13VAs3S16Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30GermaniteCu13Fe2Ge2S16Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30GermanocolusiteCu26V2(Ge,As)6S32Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m
2.CB.30NekrasoviteCu26V2(Sn,As,Sb)6S32Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30StibiocolusiteCu13V(Sb,Sn,As)3S16Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m
2.CB.30Ovamboite Cu20(Fe,Cu,Zn)6W2Ge6S32Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30MaikainiteCu20(Fe,Cu)6Mo2Ge6S32Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
2.CB.30FrieseiteAg2Fe5S8 (?)
2.CB.35aHemusiteCu6SnMoS8Iso.
2.CB.35aKiddcreekiteCu6SnWS8Iso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.35aPolkovicite(Fe,Pb)3(Ge,Fe)1-xS4Iso.
2.CB.35aRenierite(Cu1+,Zn)11Fe4(Ge4+,As5+)2S16Tet. 4 2m : P4 2c
2.CB.35aVincienniteCu+7Cu2+3Fe2+2Fe3+2Sn(As,Sb)S16Tet.
2.CB.35aMorozeviczite(Pb,Fe)3Ge1-xS4Iso.
2.CB.35bCatamarcaiteCu6GeWS8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.40LautiteCuAsSOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.CB.42LingbaoiteAgTe3Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.45CadmoseliteCdSeHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45GreenockiteCdSHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45Wurtzite(Zn,Fe)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45RambergiteMnSHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45Buseckite(Fe,Zn,Mn)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45MaletoyvayamiteAu3Se4Te6Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.47MurchisiteCr5S6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1c
2.CB.50ZincselenideZnSe
2.CB.50WassoniteTiSTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.CB.52DzhezkazganiteReMoCu2PbS6 ?Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.55aCubaniteCuFe2S3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.55bIsocubaniteCuFe2S3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
2.CB.60PicotpauliteTlFe2S3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
2.CB.60RaguiniteTlFeS2Orth.
2.CB.65ArgentopyriteAgFe2S3Mon. 2/m
2.CB.65SternbergiteAgFe2S3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.70SulvaniteCu3VS4Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m
2.CB.75VulcaniteCuTeOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.80EmpressiteAgTeOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.85MuthmanniteAuAgTe2Mon. 2/m : P2/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
It is the principal ore of copper.

Chalcopyrite in petrologyHide

An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

Internet Links for ChalcopyriteHide

References for ChalcopyriteHide

Reference List:

Significant localities for ChalcopyriteHide

Showing 32 significant localities out of 32,006 recorded on mindat.org.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • Queensland
    • Cloncurry Shire
      • Cloncurry
S Rust collection
  • South Australia
    • Yorke Peninsula
      • Moonta
RB94/00041 +1 other reference
Bolivia
 
  • Cochabamba
    • Chapare Province
Alfredo Petrov collection.
Canada
 
  • Yukon
    • Mayo mining district
      • Galena Hill
        • Elsa
Oscar Jose Tessari (1979)
China
 
  • Hubei
    • Huangshi
      • Daye Co.
Jingye Jiang et al. (1998) +1 other reference
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Isère
      • Grenoble
        • Villard-Notre-Dame
Dana 7:I:222.
  • Grand Est
    • Bas-Rhin
      • Molsheim
        • Schirmeck
Alain Steinmetz and Thierry Brunsperger ...
Germany
 
  • Saxony-Anhalt
    • Burgenlandkreis
      • Naumburg (Saale)
        • Bad Kösen
Mineralogical Collection of the ...
Ireland
 
  • Munster
    • Tipperary County
      • Monard
Barry Flannery Collection +2 other references
Italy
 
  • Tuscany
    • Lucca Province
      • Stazzema
Bonazzi et al. (1992)
Kazakhstan
 
  • Karaganda Region
RWMW specimen +2 other references
Kosovo
 
  • Mitrovica District
    • Mitrovica
      • Trepča complex
Joana Koà Odziejczyk et al. ( 2012) +5 other references
Mexico
 
  • Guanajuato
    • Guanajuato Municipality
      • Guanajuato
Panczner (1987)
Peru
 
  • Ancash
    • Bolognesi Province
      • Aquia District
Mineralogical Record 28 (1997) +2 other references
      • Huallanca District
        • Huanzala
Econ Geol (1985) +1 other reference
    • Recuay Province
      • Ticapampa District
Mi.Rec. 28 (1997)
  • Huancavelica
    • Angaraes Province
Crowley et al. (1997)
  • Lima
    • Huarochirí Province
      • Chicla District
        • Casapalca
Mineralogical Record (1997) +1 other reference
  • Pasco
    • Pasco province
      • Tinyahuarco district
        • Colquijirca mining district
Mineralium Deposita September 2003 +3 other references
Romania
 
  • Maramureș County
    • Cavnic
Mineral News 14:12 p 1
Russia
 
  • Primorsky Krai
    • Dalnegorsk Urban District
      • Dalnegorsk
Dobovol'skaya et al. (1990) +3 other references
Spain
 
  • Basque Country
    • Guipúzcoa (Gipuzkoa)
      • Mutiloa
Calvo Rebollar (2003)
  • Galicia
    • A Coruña
      • Lousame
        • Vilacova
Calvo Rebollar (2003) +1 other reference
    • Lugo
      • Sarria
        • O Incio
          • Vila de Mouros
            • Pacios
Victor Pais Collection
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Carn Brea
        • Pool
[var: Blister Copper]
      • St Agnes
Henwood (1843) +4 other references
USA
 
  • Connecticut
    • Hartford County
      • Bristol
Jones (2001)
  • Kentucky
    • Boyle County
      • Danville
        • Caldwell Stone Company Quarry
Rocks and Minerals Magazine Vol. 69 No. 4 (jul/aug 1994) +1 other reference
  • New Mexico
    • Santa Fe County
      • New Placers District
M Massis collection +1 other reference
  • New York
    • Ulster County
      • Wawarsing
        • Ellenville
Dana 7:I:592. +1 other reference
  • North Carolina
    • Davidson County
      • Carolina Slate Belt
        • Cid Mining District
Koschmann et al. (1968)
  • Pennsylvania
    • Chester County
      • Warwick Township
        • Saint Peters
Rocks & Min.:64:7. +1 other reference
  • Washington
    • King County
      • Snoqualmie Mining District
        • Hansen Creek
Eric He's Collection
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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