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Walloway Diapir, South Flinders Ranges, Flinders Ranges, South Australia, Australiai
Regional Level Types
Walloway DiapirDiapir
South Flinders Ranges- not defined -
Flinders RangesMining Region
South AustraliaState
AustraliaCountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
32° 36' 0'' South , 138° 34' 59'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
-32.60000,138.58333
GeoHash:
G#: r44w99371
GRN:
S22E84
Type:
Diapir
Age:
172 Ma
Geologic Time:
Middle Jurassic
Dating method:
Rb-Sr whole rock
Reference for age:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
KΓΆppen climate type:
BSk : Cold semi-arid (steppe) climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Orroroo632 (2013)15.2km
Carrieton130 (2013)19.1km
Pekina171 (2012)26.1km
Booleroo486 (2018)30.3km
Minvalara156 (2018)36.8km
Mindat Locality ID:
343342
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:343342:6
GUID (UUID V4):
08471650-2dd2-4bb1-983d-6cf3f2d29285


10 km long and 100-800 m wide diapir which accommodates within it 5 carbonatitic dikes, each of which is up to 100 m long and 1 m wide, and 2 plugs confined to an area of 500 x 180 m (Tucker & Collerson 1972).

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List


10 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

β“˜ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ Chromite
Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ 'K Feldspar'
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ 'K Feldspar var. Adularia'
Formula: KAlSi3O8
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ Perovskite
Formula: CaTiO3
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ 'Rhombohedral Carbonate'
Formula: (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ 'Riebeckite Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ 'Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite'
Formula: ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ 'Serpentine Subgroup'
Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ 'Sodic amphibole'
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ Talc
Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ 'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
β“˜ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)
References:
Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
β“˜Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
β“˜Chromite4.BB.05Fe2+Cr3+2O4
β“˜Ilmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
β“˜Perovskite4.CC.30CaTiO3
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
β“˜Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
β“˜Dolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
Group 9 - Silicates
β“˜Zircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
β“˜Talc9.EC.05Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
β“˜Phlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜Nepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
Unclassified
β“˜'K Feldspar'-
β“˜'Sodic amphibole'-
β“˜'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
β“˜'Serpentine Subgroup'-D3[Si2O5](OH)4
β“˜'K Feldspar
var. Adularia'		-KAlSi3O8
β“˜'Riebeckite Root Name Group
var. Crocidolite'		-β—»[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
β“˜''-β—»[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
β“˜'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
β“˜'Tourmaline'-AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
β“˜'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
β“˜'Rhombohedral Carbonate'-(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Hβ“˜ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Hβ“˜ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Hβ“˜ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Hβ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
BBoron
Bβ“˜ TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
CCarbon
Cβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Cβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cβ“˜ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
OOxygen
Oβ“˜ K Feldspar var. AdulariaKAlSi3O8
Oβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Oβ“˜ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Oβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oβ“˜ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oβ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oβ“˜ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oβ“˜ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Oβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Oβ“˜ TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oβ“˜ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oβ“˜ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Oβ“˜ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Oβ“˜ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Oβ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oβ“˜ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
FFluorine
Fβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fβ“˜ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Fβ“˜ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Fβ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naβ“˜ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naβ“˜ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Naβ“˜ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
MgMagnesium
Mgβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgβ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Mgβ“˜ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
AlAluminium
Alβ“˜ K Feldspar var. AdulariaKAlSi3O8
Alβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alβ“˜ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siβ“˜ K Feldspar var. AdulariaKAlSi3O8
Siβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siβ“˜ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siβ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Siβ“˜ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siβ“˜ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Siβ“˜ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Siβ“˜ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
PPhosphorus
Pβ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ClChlorine
Clβ“˜ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Clβ“˜ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Clβ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kβ“˜ K Feldspar var. AdulariaKAlSi3O8
Kβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kβ“˜ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Caβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caβ“˜ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Caβ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Caβ“˜ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
TiTitanium
Tiβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiβ“˜ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiβ“˜ PerovskiteCaTiO3
CrChromium
Crβ“˜ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
MnManganese
Mnβ“˜ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
FeIron
Feβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feβ“˜ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Feβ“˜ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feβ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feβ“˜ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Feβ“˜ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Feβ“˜ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
ZrZirconium
Zrβ“˜ ZirconZr(SiO4)

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Middle Jurassic : 173 Β± 4 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Mesozoic
  Jurassic
   Middle Jurassic
β“˜ Phlogopite173 Β± 4 Ma

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Australia
Australian PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Stracke, K.J., Ferguson, J. & Black, L.P. 1979. Structural setting of kimberlites in south-eastern Australia.
Dalgarno, C. R., & Johnson, J. E. (1965). Diapiric Structures and Upper Proterozoic to Lower Cambrian Sedimentation in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. AAPG Bulletin, 49(3), 337-338.
Tucker, D. H., & Collerson, K. D. (1972). Lamprophyric intrusions of probable carbonatitic affinity from South Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 19(3), 387-391.
Ferguson, J., & Sheraton, J. W. (1979). Petrogenesis of kimberlitic rocks and associated xenoliths of southeastern Australia, 140–161. Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds:(1) Their Geology, Petrology, and Geochemistry. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
Boyd, F. R., & Meyer, H. O. (Eds.). (1979). Kimberlites, Diatremes, and Diamonds: Their geology, petrology, and geochemistry. Proceedings of the Second International Kimberlite Conference. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 71-91.
Nelson, D. R., Chivas, A. R., Chappell, B. W., & McCulloch, M. T. (1988). Geochemical and isotopic systematics in carbonatites and implications for the evolution of ocean-island sources. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(1), 1-17.
Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4
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