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Miguel Vacas Mine, Nossa Senhora da Conceição e São Bartolomeu, Vila Viçosa, Évora, Portugali
Regional Level Types
Miguel Vacas MinePit (Flooded)
Nossa Senhora da Conceição e São BartolomeuCivil Parish
Vila ViçosaMunicipality
ÉvoraDistrict
PortugalCountry

This page kindly sponsored by Rui Nunes
PhotosMapsSearch
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
38° 44' 27'' North , 7° 23' 34'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Pit (Flooded) - last checked 2021
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Vila Viçosa8,319 (2017)4.6km
Borba4,586 (2014)8.9km
Redondo5,845 (2014)16.9km
Estremoz9,350 (2014)20.3km
Elvas9,904 (2018)25.3km
Mindat Locality ID:
2584
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:2584:6
GUID (UUID V4):
42dd281a-48c7-4a70-bb3c-aae18d79e3d3
Name(s) in local language(s):
Mina de Miguel Vacas, Conceição, Vila Viçosa, Distrito de Évora, Portugal


- Cu mine - a former producing open pit, that extracted and treated oxide copper. The deposit was exploited from 1925 to 1986 by various companies.
A drilling programme was initiated in 2015.
- Vein-like to lenticular chalcopyrite, native copper and malachite in brecciated quartz veins. Known for excellent libethenite and other secondary copper phosphates.
-Three contiguous mining concessions: no. 1550 Fonte da Moura, no. 1551 Monte d'El-Rei and no. 1552 Miguel Vacas.

Notes:
- Due to an administrative merger in January 2013, Miguel Vacas is now part of a new parish called 'Nossa Senhora da Conceição e São Bartolomeu'.
- This mine is often referred to in various documents as being located at Monte dos Vieiros, Pardais.
- There are numerous libethenite specimens found in private collections labeled as originating from places like "Estremoz," "Alandroal," and "Mostardeira," but it is highly likely that all of them actually come from the Miguel Vacas mine.


English version
This mine is referred to in many documents as located in Monte dos Vieiros, Pardais.

Miguel Vacas (also locally known as Mina dos Vieiros, Cobre dos Vieiros, ...) was a copper mine actively exploited between 1925 and 1986. Its mining activity possibly dates back to the Roman period, but there is no strong evidence to confirm it. In its initial phase, ore extraction was carried out through tunnels and galleries. Its open-pit mining (by Minargol) began in 1979.

Occurrences of copper, independent of igneous activity, disseminated.
Occurrences of copper, independent of igneous activity, veins.
Description: Brecciated quartz veins, sub-concordant with the regional structure, covering an extension of 1,600 meters with a NNW trend, dip of 70ºE, and an average thickness of 0.80 meters; post-Hercynian mineralization. The tectonized surrounding schists sometimes show significant impregnations of copper minerals.
Main mineralizations: Chalcopyrite, native copper, malachite.
Morphologies: Vein, lenticular.
Host rocks: Limestones, schists.
Local geology: Silurian, NE flank of the large Sousel-Estremoz-Alandroal anticline.
Regional geology: Silurian.
LNEG/Siorminp information.

Historical notes on prospecting and exploration (1):
Miguel Vacas mine has been the subject of several prospecting and mining exploration works since ancient times, with one of the earliest identified works being a small open-pit mine attributed to the Romans. From 1925 to the present, several companies have conducted studies and exploration in the concession areas:

The English company G.F. Norton & Co., from 1925 to 1929, conducted significant reconnaissance and mine development works (including the opening of a transverse access gallery and drainage, and over 1000 meters of reconnaissance galleries were opened where a vein was located). Three shafts were also dug for extraction and ventilation purposes. The company did not commence mining operations, possibly due to the economic depression of 1929-1931.
In 1948/1949, the American company American Smelting and Refining conducted a simplistic and summary study of the deposit's structure in its outcrop, and to verify the continuity of mineralization at depth, three close-spaced boreholes were drilled, intersecting the vein structure at 151 and 240 meters. The company eventually abandoned the works.
Two modest national mining companies conducted some small-scale mining from 1950 to 1953, selling the concentrates obtained to CUF. Through gravity beneficiation techniques (jigging and tables), 369.568 tons of concentrate with an average copper content of 24.9% were obtained from 6000 tons of extracted ROM with an average copper grade of 2.0%, according to annual reports from the Technical Directorate.
From 1956 to 1979, these concessions were held by EMIL - Empresa de Mineração, SARL. In 1965, EMIL entered into an agreement with the Canadian company Mining Exploration International (MEI), conducting the most important investigation and exploration campaign at Miguel Vacas, which included the following works:
. Geochemical surface prospecting along the outcrop line;
. Geological mapping of the outcrop zone;
. Surface reconnaissance through trenches in the central zone of the deposit;
. Twenty drillholes totaling 4093 meters, reaching depths between 60 and 330 meters;
. Geological mapping of underground workings, collecting samples for average grade determination;
After the completion of these works, the company abandoned the project, apparently considering it economically unviable.

In 1979, EMIL was acquired by MINARGOL - Sociedade Mineira de Argozelo, SARL. In the same year, the delineation and development of a mining project for the extraction of the oxidized portion of the Miguel Vacas Deposit began, with enriched copper grades due to supergene enrichment. The ore extraction was carried out through open-pit mining, using a step-cut approach. Ore beneficiation was performed through heap leaching, followed by electrolytic recovery, a method facilitated by the oxidized state of the ore. The mine was in operation until 1986, and a total of 215,000 metric tons of ore were extracted, yielding 481.3 metric tons of copper metal.

Around 1990, the English company Carnon Holdings Limited conducted various prospecting, research, and evaluation works in the Vila Viçosa - Alandroal area, with particular attention to the Miguel Vacas deposit. The company analyzed and reevaluated the existing data regarding the deposit, estimating the unexplored copper resources. For Miguel Vacas, total geological resources of approximately three million metric tons of ore were calculated, with an average copper grade of 1.42% (including oxidized and sulfide ore).

Between 1996 and 1998, Auvista Minerals NL conducted three drillings, with the objective of one of them being to replicate drill MV-7 (one of the drillings carried out by EMIL). It was performed 60 meters away from MV-7, with the same orientation, aiming to intersect the possible extension of the mineralization to the surface indicated by drill MV-7. This same drilling intersected the mineralized breccia of Miguel Vacas between 154 and 182 meters. The company suspects that the volcanic rock intersected from 185 meters acted as a source of mineralization.

Between 1998 and 2000, the company Prominas - Geologia e Minas, Lda., conducted a metallogenic interpretation through detailed geological observation of the open pit at the Miguel Vacas mine. They concluded the existence of two generations of mineralization: 1) older stratabound mineralization, with folded lithologies as the host rock; 2) more recent Cu ± Au mineralization confined to a 20 to 30-meter zone formed by granular breccia, cryptocrystalline chalcedonic quartz with an external "Stockwork" structure. It consists of a "Gossan Boxwork" with varying amounts of iron and secondary copper minerals. This structure is located in a shear zone.

Between 2005 and 2007, Rio Narcea Gold Mines, S.A. conducted several prospecting and research works (including lithogeochemical analysis, channel sampling, and reanalysis of drillings) in the area of the Miguel Vacas mine. However, based on the results, they decided not to proceed with further prospecting and research in the area of the Miguel Vacas mine.

(1) Gustavo Pereira Fernandes: Copper Mineralizations of the Miguel Vacas Mine: Petrographic and Geochemical Characterization. Master's Degree in Economic Geology, University of Lisbon, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology. Lisbon, 2012.


Portuguese version
Esta mina é referida em muitos documentos como sita no Monte dos Vieiros, Pardais.

Miguel Vacas (tb localmente conhecida por Mina dos Vieiros, Cobre dos Vieiros, ...) foi uma mina de cobre explorada ativamente entre 1925 e 1986. Possivelmente a sua actividade mineira remonta ao período romano mas não existem indícios fortes que o comprovem. Na sua fase inicial a exploração do minério era efetuada através de túneis e galerias. A sua exploração a céu aberto (pela Minargol) iniciou-se em 1979.

Ocorrências de cobre, independentes da actividade ígnea, disseminadas.
Ocorrências de cobre, independentes da actividade ígnea, filões.
Descrição: filões quartzosos brechificados, sub-concordantes com a estrutura regional, que ocupam uma extensão de 1.600 m com rumo NNW, pendor de 70ºE e 0,80 m de possança média; mineralização pós-hercínica. Os xistos encaixantes tectonizados apresentam por vezes importantes impregnações de minerais de cobre.
Mineralizações principais: calcopirite, cobre nativo, malaquite.
Morfologias: filão, lenticular.
Rochas encaixantes: liditos, xistos.
Geologia local: Silúrico, flanco NE do grande anticlinal de Sousel-Estremoz-Alandroal.
Geologia regional: Silúrico.
LNEG/Siorminp info.

Notas Históricas de prospecção e pesquisa (1)
A mina de Miguel Vacas foi objecto de vários trabalhos de prospecção e pesquisa mineira, desde dos tempos antigos sendo um dos trabalhos mais antigos identificados uma pequena lavra mineira a céu aberto, atribuída aos romanos. Desde do ano de 1925 até a actualidade, diversas empresas realizaram estudos e prospecção nas áreas concessionadas:
- A firma inglesa G.F. Norton & Co., durante o período de tempo 1925 a 1929, realizou importantes trabalhos de reconhecimento e preparação de exploração da mina (como a abertura de uma galeria-travessa de acesso e esgoto e no extremo, onde foi localizado um filão, foram abertos mais de 1000 metros de galerias de reconhecimento. Também foram abertos três poços para efeitos de extracção e de ventilação. A firma não iniciou a exploração da mina, provavelmente devido à depressão económica de 1929 a 1931.
- Em 1948/1949 uma firma americana, a American Smelting and Refining realizou um estudo simplista e sumário da estrutura do jazigo no seu afloramento, e para verificar a continuidade da mineralização em profundidade procedeu à abertura de 3 furos de sondagem (em perfis muito próximos), tendo intersectado a estrutura filoniana a 151 e 240 metros. A firma acabou por abandonar os trabalhos.
- Duas modestas empresas mineiras nacionais realizaram alguns desmontes de rapina, durante os anos de 1950 a 1953, vendendo os concentrados obtidos à CUF. Através de técnicas de beneficiação gravítica (gigagem e mesas), das 6000 toneladas de ROM extraídas com teor médio de 2,0% de cobre, obtiveram-se 369,568 toneladas de concentrado com teor médio em cobre a 24,9%, segundo os relatórios anuais provindos da Directoria Técnica.
- De 1956 a 1979 estas concessões foram detidas pela EMIL - Empresa de Mineração, SARL. No ano de 1965, a EMIL estabeleceu um acordo com a empresa canadiana Mining Exploration International (MEI), tendo sido realizada a mais importante campanha de investigação e reconhecimento de Miguel Vacas, tendo sido realizados os seguintes trabalhos:
. Prospecção geoquímica de superfície, ao longo da linha de afloramentos;
. Levantamento geológico da superfície na zona dos afloramentos;
. Reconhecimento superficial, por meio de sanjas, da zona central do jazigo;
. Vinte sondagens que perfazem 4093 metros e que atingem profundidades entre os 60 e os 330 metros;
. Levantamento geológico dos trabalhos de interior, com recolha de amostras visando a determinação do teor médio;
Após a realização destes trabalhos a empresa abandona o projecto por aparentemente ter concluído a sua não economicidade.
- Em 1979 a EMIL foi adquirida pela MINARGOL – Sociedade Mineira de Argozelo, SARL. No mesmo ano, iniciou-se a delineação e desenvolvimento de um projecto mineiro para a extracção da porção oxidada do Jazigo de Miguel Vacas, com teores de cobre enriquecidos supergenicamente. A extracção do minério foi realizada por desmonte a céu aberto, a partir de corta com degraus direitos. A beneficiação do minério foi realizada por meio de lixiviação em pilha, seguida por recuperação electrolítica, método facilitado pelo estado oxidado do minério. A mina esteve em actividade até 1986, tendo sido extraídos no total 215.000 toneladas de tal-qual, que facultaram 481,3 toneladas de cobre metal.
Cerca de 1990 a firma inglesa Carnon Holdings Limited realizou diversos trabalhos de prospecção, pesquisa e avaliação na área de Vila Viçosa - Alandroal, com particular atenção ao jazigo de Miguel Vacas. A firma procedeu a análise e reavaliação dos dados existentes relativamente ao jazigo, realizando-se uma estimativa dos recursos cupríferos ainda não explorados. Foram calculados, para Miguel Vacas, recursos geológicos totais de cerca de três milhões de toneladas de minério com um teor médio de 1,42% de cobre (englobando minério oxidado e minério sulfuretado).
Entre os anos de 1996 a 1998 a empresa Auvista Minerals NL realizou 3 sondagens, sendo o objectivo de uma delas reproduzir a sondagem MV-7 (uma das sondagens realizadas pela EMIL), tendo sido realizada a 60 metros desta, com a mesma orientação, e com o objectivo de intersectar a possível extensão para a superfície da mineralização da sondagem MV-7. Essa mesma sondagem intersecta a brecha mineralizada de Miguel Vacas entre os 154 e os 182 metros. A empresa suspeita que a rocha vulcânica que é intersectada a partir dos 185 metros tenha actuado como fonte de mineralização.
Entre os anos de 1998 a 2000, a empresa Prominas - Geologia e Minas, Lda., realizou uma interpretação metalogenética por observação geológica detalhada da corta da mina de Miguel Vacas. Concluíram a existência de duas gerações de mineralização: 1- mineralização mais antiga, do tipo “Stratabound”, sendo os liditos dobrados a litologia hospedeira; 2 - Mineralização mais recente de Cu ± Au, confinada a uma zona com 20 a 30 metros formada por brecha granular, quartzo calcedónico criptocristalino com uma estrutura externa tipo “Stockwork”. Consiste num “Gossan Boxwork”, com quantidades de ferro variável e minerais de cobre secundários. Esta estrutura está instalada numa “Shear Zone”.
A Rio Narcea Gold Mines, S.A., entre os anos de 2005 e 2007, realizou vários trabalhos de prospecção e pesquisa (análises de litogeoquímica, amostragem em canal e reanálise de sondagens) mas, face aos resultados, mas optou por não dar seguimento a mais trabalhos de prospecção e pesquisa na área da Mina de Miguel Vacas.
(1) Gustavo Pereira Fernandes: Mineralizações de Cobre da Mina de Miguel Vacas: Caracterização Petrográfica e Geoquímica. Mestrado em Geologia Económica, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciência, Departamento de Geologia. Lisboa, 2012.



Mindat Articles


Portuguese Ossa-Morena Zone Mining - By Martins da Pedra http://www.mindat.org/article.php/1631
Miguel Vacas Mine - By Martins da Pedra http://www.mindat.org/article.php/1740

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


45 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

Anilite
Formula: Cu7S4
Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
Azurite
Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Beyerite
Formula: Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2
Bismuth
Formula: Bi
Bismuthinite
Formula: Bi2S3
Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
Brochantite
Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
Cacoxenite
Formula: Fe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2O
Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
Chalcanthite
Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O
Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
Chalcosiderite
Formula: CuFe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
'Chalcosiderite-Turquoise Series'
References:
Chrysocolla
Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Description: Specimens not analyzed.
Copiapite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Copper
Formula: Cu
Description: Martins da Pedra collection
Covellite
Formula: CuS
Cuprite
Formula: Cu2O
Cuprobismutite
Formula: Cu8AgBi13S24
Digenite
Formula: Cu9S5
Djurleite
Formula: Cu31S16
Emplectite
Formula: CuBiS2
Gersdorffite
Formula: NiAsS
Goethite
Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH)
Gold
Formula: Au
Graphite
Formula: C
Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
Libethenite
Formula: Cu2(PO4)(OH)
Habit: Orthorhombic
Colour: Light green to dark green, ...
'Limonite'
Ludjibaite
Formula: Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Description: LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, SIORMINP database ref "1224Cu"
'Ochre'
Planerite
Formula: Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O
Pseudomalachite
Formula: Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Description: LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, SIORMINP database ref "1224Cu"
Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Quartz var. Amethyst ?
Formula: SiO2
Quartz var. Chalcedony
Formula: SiO2
Reichenbachite
Formula: Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Rosasite
Formula: (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
Description: XRD analysis
Rutile
Formula: TiO2
Strengite
Formula: FePO4 · 2H2O
Strengite var. Aluminian Strengite
Formula: (Fe,Al)PO4 · 2H2O
Turquoise
Formula: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Turquoise var. Rashleighite
Formula: Cu(Al,Fe)6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 5H2O
Wavellite
Formula: Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
Waylandite
Formula: BiAl3(PO4)2(OH)6
Wittichenite
Formula: Cu3BiS3
Zapatalite
Formula: Cu3Al4(PO4)3(OH)9 · 4H2O
Description: Rui Nunes analyzed (by C Rewitzer) specimen: http://www.mindat.org/photo-51170.html

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
Gold1.AA.05Au
Copper1.AA.05Cu
Bismuth1.CA.05Bi
Graphite1.CB.05aC
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
Djurleite2.BA.05Cu31S16
Chalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
Digenite2.BA.10Cu9S5
Anilite2.BA.10Cu7S4
Bornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
Covellite2.CA.05aCuS
Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
Bismuthinite2.DB.05Bi2S3
Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Arsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
Gersdorffite2.EB.25NiAsS
Wittichenite2.GA.20Cu3BiS3
Emplectite2.HA.05CuBiS2
Cuprobismutite2.JA.10aCu8AgBi13S24
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
Goethite4.00.α-Fe3+O(OH)
Cuprite4.AA.10Cu2O
Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
var. Amethyst ?4.DA.05SiO2
var. Chalcedony4.DA.05SiO2
Rutile4.DB.05TiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Ankerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Azurite5.BA.05Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Malachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Rosasite5.BA.10(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
Beyerite5.BE.35Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
Brochantite7.BB.25Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
Chalcanthite7.CB.20CuSO4 · 5H2O
Gypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
Copiapite7.DB.35Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
Libethenite8.BB.30Cu2(PO4)(OH)
Pseudomalachite8.BD.05Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Reichenbachite8.BD.05Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Ludjibaite8.BD.25Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Waylandite8.BL.13BiAl3(PO4)2(OH)6
Strengite8.CD.10FePO4 · 2H2O
var. Aluminian Strengite8.CD.10(Fe,Al)PO4 · 2H2O
Cacoxenite8.DC.40Fe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2O
Wavellite8.DC.50Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
Turquoise
var. Rashleighite
8.DD.15Cu(Al,Fe)6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 5H2O
Planerite8.DD.15Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O
Turquoise8.DD.15CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Chalcosiderite8.DD.15CuFe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Zapatalite8.DE.20Cu3Al4(PO4)3(OH)9 · 4H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
Chrysocolla9.ED.20Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Unclassified
'Limonite'-
'Chalcosiderite-Turquoise Series'-
'Ochre'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
H AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
H BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
H CacoxeniteFe243+AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2O
H ChalcosideriteCuFe63+(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
H ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
H ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
H CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
H Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
H GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
H LibetheniteCu2(PO4)(OH)
H LudjibaiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
H MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
H PlaneriteAl6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O
H PseudomalachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
H Turquoise var. RashleighiteCu(Al,Fe)6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 5H2O
H ReichenbachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
H Rosasite(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
H StrengiteFePO4 · 2H2O
H TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
H WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
H WaylanditeBiAl3(PO4)2(OH)6
H ZapataliteCu3Al4(PO4)3(OH)9 · 4H2O
H Strengite var. Aluminian Strengite(Fe,Al)PO4 · 2H2O
CCarbon
C AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
C AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
C BeyeriteCa(BiO)2(CO3)2
C CalciteCaCO3
C GraphiteC
C MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
C Rosasite(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
OOxygen
O Quartz var. AmethystSiO2
O AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
O AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
O BeyeriteCa(BiO)2(CO3)2
O BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
O CacoxeniteFe243+AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2O
O CalciteCaCO3
O ChalcosideriteCuFe63+(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
O ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
O Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
O ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
O CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
O CupriteCu2O
O Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
O GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
O LibetheniteCu2(PO4)(OH)
O LudjibaiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
O MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
O PlaneriteAl6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O
O PseudomalachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
O QuartzSiO2
O Turquoise var. RashleighiteCu(Al,Fe)6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 5H2O
O ReichenbachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
O Rosasite(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
O RutileTiO2
O StrengiteFePO4 · 2H2O
O TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
O WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
O WaylanditeBiAl3(PO4)2(OH)6
O ZapataliteCu3Al4(PO4)3(OH)9 · 4H2O
O Strengite var. Aluminian Strengite(Fe,Al)PO4 · 2H2O
FFluorine
F WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
MgMagnesium
Mg AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
AlAluminium
Al CacoxeniteFe243+AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2O
Al ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Al PlaneriteAl6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O
Al Turquoise var. RashleighiteCu(Al,Fe)6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 5H2O
Al TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Al WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
Al WaylanditeBiAl3(PO4)2(OH)6
Al ZapataliteCu3Al4(PO4)3(OH)9 · 4H2O
Al Strengite var. Aluminian Strengite(Fe,Al)PO4 · 2H2O
SiSilicon
Si Quartz var. AmethystSiO2
Si Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Si ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Si QuartzSiO2
PPhosphorus
P CacoxeniteFe243+AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2O
P ChalcosideriteCuFe63+(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
P LibetheniteCu2(PO4)(OH)
P LudjibaiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
P PlaneriteAl6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 · 4H2O
P PseudomalachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
P Turquoise var. RashleighiteCu(Al,Fe)6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 5H2O
P ReichenbachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
P StrengiteFePO4 · 2H2O
P TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
P WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
P WaylanditeBiAl3(PO4)2(OH)6
P ZapataliteCu3Al4(PO4)3(OH)9 · 4H2O
P Strengite var. Aluminian Strengite(Fe,Al)PO4 · 2H2O
SSulfur
S AniliteCu7S4
S ArsenopyriteFeAsS
S BismuthiniteBi2S3
S BorniteCu5FeS4
S BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
S ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
S ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
S ChalcociteCu2S
S CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
S CovelliteCuS
S CuprobismutiteCu8AgBi13S24
S DigeniteCu9S5
S DjurleiteCu31S16
S EmplectiteCuBiS2
S GersdorffiteNiAsS
S GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
S PyriteFeS2
S WitticheniteCu3BiS3
CaCalcium
Ca AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Ca BeyeriteCa(BiO)2(CO3)2
Ca CalciteCaCO3
Ca GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
TiTitanium
Ti RutileTiO2
FeIron
Fe AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Fe ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Fe BorniteCu5FeS4
Fe CacoxeniteFe243+AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2O
Fe ChalcosideriteCuFe63+(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Fe ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Fe CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Fe Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Fe PyriteFeS2
Fe Turquoise var. RashleighiteCu(Al,Fe)6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 5H2O
Fe StrengiteFePO4 · 2H2O
Fe Strengite var. Aluminian Strengite(Fe,Al)PO4 · 2H2O
NiNickel
Ni GersdorffiteNiAsS
CuCopper
Cu AniliteCu7S4
Cu AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cu BorniteCu5FeS4
Cu BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Cu ChalcosideriteCuFe63+(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Cu ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cu ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Cu ChalcociteCu2S
Cu ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Cu CovelliteCuS
Cu CupriteCu2O
Cu CuprobismutiteCu8AgBi13S24
Cu CopperCu
Cu DigeniteCu9S5
Cu DjurleiteCu31S16
Cu EmplectiteCuBiS2
Cu LibetheniteCu2(PO4)(OH)
Cu LudjibaiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Cu MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cu PseudomalachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Cu Turquoise var. RashleighiteCu(Al,Fe)6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 5H2O
Cu ReichenbachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Cu Rosasite(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
Cu TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Cu WitticheniteCu3BiS3
Cu ZapataliteCu3Al4(PO4)3(OH)9 · 4H2O
ZnZinc
Zn Rosasite(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
AsArsenic
As ArsenopyriteFeAsS
As GersdorffiteNiAsS
AgSilver
Ag CuprobismutiteCu8AgBi13S24
AuGold
Au GoldAu
BiBismuth
Bi BeyeriteCa(BiO)2(CO3)2
Bi BismuthBi
Bi BismuthiniteBi2S3
Bi CuprobismutiteCu8AgBi13S24
Bi EmplectiteCuBiS2
Bi WaylanditeBiAl3(PO4)2(OH)6
Bi WitticheniteCu3BiS3

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent

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References

 
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