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Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway i
Regional Level Types
Heftetjern pegmatite Pegmatite
Tørdal Parish
Drangedal Municipality
Telemark County
Norway Country

Regional Level Types
Heftetjern pegmatite	Pegmatite
Tørdal	Parish
Drangedal	Municipality
Telemark	County
Norway	Country

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The famous Heftetjern pegmatite - June 2008

Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

View of a part of the amazonite pegmatite

Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

Heftetjern little pegmatite.

Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

The famous Heftetjern pegmatite - June 2008

Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

View of a part of the amazonite pegmatite

Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

Heftetjern little pegmatite.

Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

The famous Heftetjern pegmatite - June 2008

Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

View of a part of the amazonite pegmatite

Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):

59° 10' 56'' North , 8° 44' 48'' East

Latitude & Longitude (decimal):

G#: u4w0xjc1k

Type:

Age:

960 to 850 Ma

Geologic Time:

Tonian

Dating method:

The age given is of the Tørdal granite which the pegmatite emanates from.

Reference for age:

Bergst

Köppen climate type:

Dfc : Subarctic climate

Nearest Settlements:

Place	Population	Distance
Prestestranda	1,215 (2010)	20.1km
Tveitsund	344 (2011)	22.2km
Lunde	1,422 (2014)	24.0km
Kviteseid	640 (2010)	28.4km
Bø	2,522 (2010)	31.5km

Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities

Club	Location	Distance
Fensfeltet Geologiforening	Ulefoss	32km

Mindat Locality ID:

2517

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:2517:4

GUID (UUID V4):

fa729e42-f6f7-41c1-9418-a98cb1f63385

Other Languages:

Norwegian:

Heftetjern-pegmatitten, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norge

A scandium-bearing granite pegmatite of amazonite-cleavelandite type. The pegmatite is about 200-250 m long and 3-4 m wide. Located about 4.3 km NW of the small parish of Tørdal.

A number of the minerals contains a rather high concentration of Scandium (Raade & Kristiansen 2000):
Scandian ixiolite (of Bergstøl & Juve): 1.70-18.80 wt%Sc₂O₃.
Yttropyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977): 6.0 wt% Sc₂O₃.
Microlite: 0.2-3.9 wt% Sc₂O₃.
Yttrobetafite (of Hogarth 1977): 1.0 wt% Sc₂O₃.
Tantalite-(Fe): ~7 wt% Sc₂O₃.
Ilmenorutile: ~1.6 wt% Sc₂O₃.
Spessartine: ~0.5 wt% Sc₂O₃.
Epidote: ~3 wt% Sc₂O₃.
Milarite: ~5-7 wt% Sc₂O₃.
Helvite: ~1.7 wt% Sc₂O₃.

Note: Collecting is only allowed with permission of the landowner.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

ⓘ Actinolite

ⓘ Agakhanovite-(Y) (TL)

ⓘ Albite

ⓘ var. Cleavelandite

ⓘ var. Oligoclase

ⓘ var. Oligoclase-Albite

ⓘ var. Caesian Bazzite

ⓘ Heftetjernite (TL)

ⓘ Hellandite-(Y)

ⓘ var. Manganese-bearing Hellandite-(Y) (FRL)

ⓘ var. Manganese-bearing Ilmenite

ⓘ 'Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series'

ⓘ 'var. Scandian Ixiolite (of Bergstøl & Juve)'

ⓘ Kainosite-(Y)

ⓘ Kamphaugite-(Y) ?

ⓘ Keiviite-(Y)

✪ Kristiansenite (TL)

ⓘ 'var. Scandium Microlite (of Bergstøl & Juve)'

ⓘ Oftedalite (TL)

ⓘ Opal

ⓘ Phenakite

ⓘ Plattnerite

ⓘ 'Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)'

ⓘ Pyrite

ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'

ⓘ 'var. Yttropyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)'

ⓘ Scandiobabingtonite

ⓘ Schorl

ⓘ Siderophyllite

ⓘ 'Siderophyllite-Polylithionite Series'

ⓘ var. Triclinic Titanite (FRL)

ⓘ 'Tourmaline'

ⓘ Uedaite-(Ce)

ⓘ 'Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y))' (FRL)

ⓘ 'White mica'

ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) ?

ⓘ 'Yttrobetafite (of Hogarth 1977)'

ⓘ ~~Yttrotantalite-(Y)~~

ⓘ 'Zinnwaldite'

ⓘ Zircon

62 valid minerals. 5 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals. 3 (FRL) - first recorded locality of unapproved mineral/variety/etc. 4 erroneous literature entries.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

ⓘ 'Pegmatite'

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Actinolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ Agakhanovite-(Y) (TL)

Formula: K◻₂(YCa)Be₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]

Type Locality:

References:

Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2013) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2013. CNMNC Newsletter No 18. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (8) 3249-3258 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.8.15

Hawthorne, Frank C., Abdu, Yassir A., Ball, Neil A., Černý, Petr, Kristiansen, Roy (2014) Agakhanovite-(Y), ideally (YCa)◻₂KBe₃Si₁₂O₃₀, a new milarite-group mineral from the Heftetjern pegmatite, Tordal, Southern Norway: Description and crystal structure. American Mineralogist, 99 (10) 2084-2088 doi:10.2138/am-2014-4880

Pieczka, A., Kristiansen, R., Stachowicz, M., Dumańska-Słowik, M., Gołębiowska, B., Sęk, M., Woźniak, K. (2024) Heflikite, ideally Ca2(Al2Sc)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), the first scandium epidote-supergroup mineral from Jordanów Śląski, Lower Silesia (Poland) and from Heftetjern, Tørdal (Norway) Mineralogical Magazine. doi:10.1180/mgm.2023.98

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Nagashima, Mariko, Nishio-Hamane, Daisuke, Matsumoto, Takashi, Fukuda, Chihiro (2022) The Role of Scandium Substitution in Babingtonite Group Minerals. Minerals, 12 (3) 333 doi:10.3390/min12030333

Knut Edvard Larsen (2023) Collection.

ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Bergstøl, S., Juve, Gunnar (1988) Scandian ixiolite, pyrochlore and bazzite in granite pegmatite in Tørdal, Telemark, Norway. A contribution to the mineralogy and geochemistry of scandium and tin. Mineralogy and Petrology, 38 (4) 229-243 doi:10.1007/bf01167090

ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase

Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]

References:

ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase-Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)

Formula: (CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

Kristiansen, Roy (2009) A unique assemblage of Scandium-bearing minerals from the Heftetjern-pegmatite, Tørdal, south Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 41. 75-104

ⓘ Anatase ?

Formula: TiO₂

Description: Possible brookite (?) (Raade & Kristiansen (2000)

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ ~~Augite~~

Formula: (Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆

Description: Erronously reported in Raade & Kristiansen (2000) (pers. comm. Roy Kristiansen mai 2009)

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ ~~Bavenite~~

Formula: Ca₄Be₂Al₂Si₉O₂₆(OH)₂

Description: Showed to be bohseite (Kristiansen 2017)

References:

Juve, G., Bergstøl, S. (1990) Caesian Bazzite in Granite pegmatite in Tørdal, Telemark, Norway. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43 (2) 131-136 doi:10.1007/bf01164306

Kristiansen, Roy (2017) Fire nye mineraler for Norge [Four new minerals for Norway]. STEIN. Magasin for populærgeologi, 44 (1) 24-27

Kristiansen, Roy (2018) Nye mineralfunn fra Heftetjern-pegmatitten i Tørdal. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018, Norsk Mineralsymposium. 79-92

ⓘ Bazzite

Formula: Be₃Sc₂(Si₆O₁₈)

Habit: Imperfect plates, hexagonal prismatic crystals; needles

Colour: clear, skyblue, light blue

Description: a cesian variety

References:

Taran, Michail N., Dyar, M. Darby, Khomenko, Vladimir M., Boesenberg, Joseph S. (2017) Optical absorption, Mössbauer, and FTIR spectroscopic studies of two blue bazzites. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 44 (7) 497-507 doi:10.1007/s00269-017-0877-2

ⓘ Bazzite var. Caesian Bazzite

Habit: hexagonal, elongated; as imperfect plates; needles

Colour: clear, sky-blue

References:

Juve, G., Bergstøl, S. (1990) Caesian Bazzite in Granite pegmatite in Tørdal, Telemark, Norway. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43 (2) 131-136 doi:10.1007/bf01164306

ⓘ Bertrandite

Formula: Be₄(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂

References:

U. Kolitsch (SXRD-analysis on T. Husdal specimen)

ⓘ Beryl

Formula: Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)

Colour: yellowish green; yellowish and colourless

References:

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ Bismoclite

Formula: BiOCl

Habit: micalike

Colour: goldenbrown

Description: identified by EDS-SEM,Roy Kristiansen. Found on bismuth together with bismutite

References:

Kristiansen, Roy (2008) Nye mineralfunn i Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 35 (1) 17-21

ⓘ Bismuth

Formula: Bi

References:

Kristiansen, Roy (2008) Nye mineralfunn i Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 35 (1) 17-21

ⓘ Bismutite

Formula: (BiO)₂CO₃

References:

Kristiansen, Roy (2008) Nye mineralfunn i Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 35 (1) 17-21

ⓘ Bohseite

Formula: Ca₄Be_3+xAl_1-xSi₉O_25-x(OH)_3+x

References:

Kristiansen, Roy (2017) Fire nye mineraler for Norge [Four new minerals for Norway]. STEIN. Magasin for populærgeologi, 44 (1) 24-27

ⓘ Brookite

Formula: TiO₂

Description: Possible anatase (?) (Raade & Kristiansen 2000)

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ Cascandite

Formula: CaScSi₃O₈(OH)

Description: In light green fibrous and porous masses 2-3 mm across, cascandite has been found as intimate fibrous intergrowths of scandiobabingtonite (areas of intergrowths exceeding 100my in length (Raade & Erambert 1999)

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Erambert, Muriel (1999) An intergrowth of scandiobabingtonite and cascandite from the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Norway. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 1999 (12) 545-550

ⓘ Cassiterite

Formula: SnO₂

References:

ⓘ Cerussite

Formula: PbCO₃

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ Clinochlore

Formula: Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

Description: A cerian variety

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

Kristiansen, Roy (2018) Nye mineralfunn fra Heftetjern-pegmatitten i Tørdal. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018, Norsk Mineralsymposium. 79-92

ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)

Formula: (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆

Description: Originally descibed as "polycrase-(Y)", which was discredited as identical with euxenite-(Y) by IMA in

References:

Kristiansen, Roy (2009) A unique assemblage of Scandium-bearing minerals from the Heftetjern-pegmatite, Tørdal, south Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 41. 75-104

ⓘ Fluorite

Formula: CaF₂

Description: yttrian variety (Raade & Kristiansen (2000)

References:

ⓘ 'Gadolinite Group'

Formula: A₂MQ₂Si₂O₈φ₂

References:

Kristiansen, Roy (2018) Nye mineralfunn fra Heftetjern-pegmatitten i Tørdal. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018, Norsk Mineralsymposium. 79-92

ⓘ Gadolinite-(Y)

Formula: Y₂Fe²⁺Be₂Si₂O₁₀

References:

ⓘ Gahnite

Formula: ZnAl₂O₄

Description: EDS-SEM identified

References:

Kristiansen, Roy (2009) A unique assemblage of Scandium-bearing minerals from the Heftetjern-pegmatite, Tørdal, south Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 41. 75-104

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ 'Garnet Group'

Formula: X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃

Localities:

Heftetjern 2, Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway
Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

References:

Steffenssen, G. A. W. (2018) The distribution and enrichment of scandium in garnets from the Tørdal pegmatites, and its economic implications. Master's thesis, University of Oslo.

ⓘ Heflikite (TL)

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

Type Locality:

References:

ⓘ Heftetjernite (TL)

Formula: ScTaO₄

Type Locality:

References:

Kristiansen, Roy (2009) A unique assemblage of Scandium-bearing minerals from the Heftetjern-pegmatite, Tørdal, south Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 41. 75-104

Kolitsch, Uwe, Kristiansen, Roy, Raade, Gunnar, Tillmanns, Ekkehart (2010) Heftetjernite, a new scandium mineral from the Heftetjern pegmatite, Tordal, Norway. European Journal of Mineralogy, 22 (2) 309-316 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2010/0022-1987

ⓘ Hellandite-(Y)

Formula: (Ca,REE)₄Y₂Al◻₂(B₄Si₄O₂₂) (OH)₂

Habit: microcrystals

Colour: pale red

Description: in fluorite. A Mn-bearing (greater than 1 apfu) hellandite-(Y) occurs as pinkish yellow tiny granular crystals.

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Momma, Koichi, Yokoyama, Kazumi, Shigeoka, Masako, Matsubara, Satoshi, Ito, Miku, Nakai, Izumi, Kristiansen, Roy (2015) Mn-bearing hellandite-(Y) from Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Norway. The Canadian Mineralogist, 53 (2) 345-356 doi:10.3749/canmin.1400068

ⓘ Hellandite-(Y) var. Manganese-bearing Hellandite-(Y) (FRL)

Formula: Ca_1.34Mn_1.07Y_2.75Yb_0.38Al_0.92Fe_0.08Si₄B₄O_21.21(OH)_2.79

Type Locality:

Habit: granular crystals

Colour: Pinkish yellow

Description: Pinkish yellow granular crystals

References:

Kristiansen, Roy (2018) Nye mineralfunn fra Heftetjern-pegmatitten i Tørdal. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018, Norsk Mineralsymposium. 79-92

ⓘ Helvine

Formula: Be₃Mn²⁺₄(SiO₄)₃S

Habit: irregular masses several cm across; irregular grains

Colour: pinkish; deep brown-red

Description: Occurs as intimately intergrowth with light blue bazzite. Raade & Kristiansen 2000 found a scandian-rich helvite with up to 1,7 % Sc2O3

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

Raade, Gunnar (2020) Helvine-group minerals from Norwegian granitic pegmatites and some other granitic rocks: Cases of significant Sc and Sn contents. The Canadian Mineralogist, 58 (3). 367-379 doi:10.3749/canmin.1900099

ⓘ Hingganite-(Ce)

Formula: (Ce,REE)₂(◻,Fe²⁺)Be₂[SiO₄]₂(OH)₂

Description: Small, white fanlike aggregates or massive aggragates < 1mm in diameter. Analysis showed it to be a Ca-bearing hellandite-(Ce) in intimately intergrowth with apatite

References:

Kristiansen, Roy (2018) Nye mineralfunn fra Heftetjern-pegmatitten i Tørdal. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018, Norsk Mineralsymposium. 79-92

ⓘ Hingganite-(Y)

Formula: (Y,REE,Ca)₂(◻,Fe²⁺)Be₂[SiO₄]₂(OH)₂

Habit: Aggregates of pseudohexagonal plates about 0,5 mm across; Blocky crystals to several mm; grains

Colour: Brownish, yellow and colorless

Description: Hingganite-(Y) occurs at Heftetjern with variable color, morphology and chemcical composition. A calcian hingganite-(Y) was described by Raade & Kristiansen 2000. It occurs as aggregates of yellowish, pseudohexagonal plates about 0,5 mm across. The structure of a triclinic Ca-B-Fe-rich hingganite-(Y) was analysed by Miyawaki et al. (2018), see also Kristiansen (2018)

References:

Mineral. Pet. 75:89-99

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

Miyawaki, R., Momma, K., Cooper, M.A., Hawthorne, F.C. & Kristiansen, R. (2018): Refinements of crystal structure of hingganite-(Y): Cation ordering and lowering symmetry. Abstracts, Annual meeting of REE society of Japan, March 2018.

Kristiansen, Roy (2018) Nye mineralfunn fra Heftetjern-pegmatitten i Tørdal. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018, Norsk Mineralsymposium. 79-92

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe²⁺TiO₃

References:

Kristiansen, Roy (2009) A unique assemblage of Scandium-bearing minerals from the Heftetjern-pegmatite, Tørdal, south Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 41. 75-104

ⓘ Ilmenite var. Manganese-bearing Ilmenite

Formula: (Fe,Mn)²⁺TiO₃

References:

Kristiansen, Roy (2009) A unique assemblage of Scandium-bearing minerals from the Heftetjern-pegmatite, Tørdal, south Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 41. 75-104

ⓘ 'Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series'

Formula: (Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Mn)₄O₈

Habit: The outline of the crystals being often rectangular or even square.

Description: up to 18,80 wt % Sc2O is reported. As up to 5mm large, black shiny cristals with a brownish tint.

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ 'Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series var. Scandian Ixiolite (of Bergstøl & Juve)'

Formula: ~(Sc,Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Ti)₄O₈

Description: up to 18,80 wt % Sc2O is reported. As up to 5mm large, black, shiny crystals with a weak brownish tint. Some crystals are partly altered to pyrochlore supergroup minerals.

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ Kainosite-(Y)

Formula: Ca₂(Y,Ce)₂(Si₄O₁₂)(CO₃) · H₂O

Habit: square prismatic crystals to 2mm long

Colour: colourless

Description: found in fluorite

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ Kamphaugite-(Y) ?

Formula: Ca(Y,REE)(CO₃)₂(OH) · H₂O

Description: Doubt has been raised if the specimen analyzed and photograhed originates from the Heftetjern pegmatite, no similar specimen has been found at Heftetjern but at Skarsfjell or other localituies nearby ( R.Kristiansen & K.E.Larsen commentary 2009)

References:

Witzke, Thomas (2023) Personal Communication.

ⓘ Keiviite-(Y)

Formula: Y₂Si₂O₇

Locality: Heftetjern 2, Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

✪ Kristiansenite (TL)

Formula: Ca₄Sc₂Sn₂(Si₂O₇)₂(Si₂O₆OH)₂

Type Locality:

Habit: Triclinic

Colour: Colourless, greyish, yellowish

References:

Ferraris, G., Gula, A., Ivaldi, G., Nespolo, Massimo, Raade, G. (2001) Crystal structure of kristiansenite: a case of class IIB twinning by metric merohedry. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 216 (8) doi:10.1524/zkri.216.8.442.20353

Raade, G., Ferraris, G., Gula, A., Ivaldi, G., Bernhard, F. (2002) Kristiansenite, a new calcium-scandium-tin sorosilicate from granite pegmatite in Tørdal, Telemark, Norway. Mineralogy and Petrology, 75 (1) 89-99 doi:10.1007/s007100200017

ⓘ 'Limonite'

References:

Pers.commentary Roy Kristiansen mars 2004

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

Juve, G., Bergstøl, S. (1990) Caesian Bazzite in Granite pegmatite in Tørdal, Telemark, Norway. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43 (2) 131-136 doi:10.1007/bf01164306

ⓘ Microcline

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

ⓘ 'Microlite Group'

Formula: A_2-mTa₂X_6-wZ_-n

Description: Bergstøl & Juve (1988) found a yttrian scandian microlite (uranian).

References:

ⓘ 'Microlite Group var. Scandium Microlite (of Bergstøl & Juve)'

Description: Found in an altered area of an ixiolite.

References:

ⓘ Milarite

Formula: K(◻H₂O)Ca₂(Be₂Al)[Si₁₂O₃₀]

Description: Milarite of normal composition is rather common at Heftetjern, and it is visually not ditinguisable from oftedalite which is extremely rare and contains 5–7 wt% Sc2O3 and milarite with high yttrium content (rare). One sample with very high Y (~10 wt% Y2O3)was described as the new mineral Agakhanovite-(Y) by Hawthorne et al (2014).

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ Molybdenite

Formula: MoS₂

References:

Laukert, G. (2008) Mineralien von Seltenerd-pegmatiten aus Norwegen und Schweden, Bachelor-Arbeit Geowissenschaften. Albert-Ludwigs Universität. 1-67

ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)

Formula: Ce(PO₄)

References:

Juve, G., Bergstøl, S. (1990) Caesian Bazzite in Granite pegmatite in Tørdal, Telemark, Norway. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43 (2) 131-136 doi:10.1007/bf01164306

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ Nontronite

Formula: Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O

References:

Kristiansen, Roy (2009) A unique assemblage of Scandium-bearing minerals from the Heftetjern-pegmatite, Tørdal, south Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 41. 75-104

ⓘ Oftedalite (TL)

Formula: K◻₂(ScCa)Be₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]

Type Locality:

Habit: hexagonale prismatic xls showing {100} and {001}

Colour: greyish white

Description: Found in only one sample !

References:

Kristiansen, Roy (2005) Milarittgruppens mineraler i Norge [The minerals of the milarite group in Norway]. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 30. 21-29

Cooper, M. A., Hawthorne, F. C., Ball, N. A., Černý, Petr, Kristiansen, Roy (2006) Oftedalite, (ScCa)KBe3Si12O30, a new mineral species of the milarite group from the Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Norway: description and crystal structure. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44 (4) 943-949 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.44.4.943

ⓘ Opal

Formula: SiO₂ · nH₂O

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ Phenakite

Formula: Be₂SiO₄

Description: Found on one specimen

References:

Knut Edvard Larsen collection # 291

ⓘ Plattnerite

Formula: PbO₂

References:

Kristiansen, Roy (2017) Fire nye mineraler for Norge [Four new minerals for Norway]. STEIN. Magasin for populærgeologi, 44 (1) 24-27

ⓘ 'Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)'

Habit: octahedral crystals to 1 mm, often in aggregates.

Colour: greenish to brownish

Description: The mineral is typically zoned and has a heterogeneous composition within each zone.

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

Raade, Gunnar (2010) Plumbomicrolite from the Heftetjern granitic pegmatite, Tørdal, Telemark, south Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 43. 21-28

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'

Formula: A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z

Description: Pyrochlore Group minerals occurs at Heftetjern mostly as metamict alterations of ixiolite. Bergstøl & Juve (1988) found a scandian yttropyrochlore.

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group var. Yttropyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)'

Formula: A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z

Description: Bergstøl & Juve (1988) found a scandian yttropyrochlore. As altered metamict product after ixiolite

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

Habit: massive

Description: partly smoky quartz

References:

ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

ⓘ ~~Rowlandite-(Y)~~

Formula: (Y,Ce)₄Fe²⁺(Si₂O₇)₂F₂ (?)

Habit: Platy

Colour: Greenish-brown

Description: Showed to be a zonated mixture of gadolinite-(Y) and hingganite-(Y) with inclusions of a OH-gadolinite. (Kristiansen 2018)

References:

Larsen, Knut Edvard (2017) Noen funn av mineraler i Norge 2016-2017 [Some discoveries of minerals in Norway 2016-2017]. STEIN. Magasin for populærgeologi, 44 (3) 4-14

Kristiansen, Roy (2018) Nye mineralfunn fra Heftetjern-pegmatitten i Tørdal. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018, Norsk Mineralsymposium. 79-92

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO₂

Description: scandian variety

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile

Formula: (Ti,Nb)O₂

Description: scandian variety

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ Rynersonite

Formula: CaTa₂O₆

Habit: rectangular plates or as rulershaped striated crystals < 1mm

Colour: dull yellow to colorless

Description: as alteration product after (scandian )ixiolite or on the surface of porous cassiterite

References:

EDS-SEM + cell-parameters (conf.Uwe Kolitsch)/ Kristiansen, R. (2008): Nye mineralfunn i Norge. STEIN 35 (1): 17-21

ⓘ Scandiobabingtonite

Formula: Ca₂(Fe²⁺,Mn)ScSi₅O₁₄(OH)

Habit: fibrous and porous masses 2-3 mm across; blocky crystals

Colour: light green

Description: Intimate intergrowth with cascandite (Raade & Erambert (1999)

References:

ⓘ Schorl

Formula: NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)

Colour: Greyishblue with a thin brownishrim

Description: A scandian schörl (Kristiansen 2018)

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

Kristiansen, Roy (2018) Nye mineralfunn fra Heftetjern-pegmatitten i Tørdal. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018, Norsk Mineralsymposium. 79-92

ⓘ Siderophyllite

Formula: KFe²⁺₂Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂

Description: Wilhelmsen (2020) anlyses a sample of Lithian siderophyllite.

References:

Wilhelmsen, Markus Nytun (2020) The scandium content of beryllium-bearing minerals and micas from Tørdal pegmatites and its genetic and economic implications. Master, University of Oslo.

ⓘ 'Siderophyllite-Polylithionite Series'

Description: Dark mica, also described as'zinnwaldite' from Heftetjern.

References:

Rosing-Schow, Nanna, Müller, Axel, Friis, Henrik (2018) Glimmere i norske pegmatitter. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018, Norsk Mineralsymposium. 57-62

ⓘ Spessartine

Formula: Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ Stilpnomelane

Formula: (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₆ · nH₂O

References:

Mineral. Pet. 75:89-99

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ Tantalite-(Fe)

Formula: Fe²⁺Ta₂O₆

Description: scandian variety

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ Thorite

Formula: Th(SiO₄)

Description: Found as a < 10 μm large crystal in quartz and as a inclusion in apatite (Laukert 2008) Found as inclusion in garnet (Steffensen 2018)

References:

Laukert, G. (2008) Mineralien von Seltenerd-pegmatiten aus Norwegen und Schweden, Bachelor-Arbeit Geowissenschaften. Albert-Ludwigs Universität. 1-67

Steffenssen, G. A. W. (2018) The distribution and enrichment of scandium in garnets from the Tørdal pegmatites, and its economic implications. Master's thesis, University of Oslo.

ⓘ Thorite var. Uranothorite

Formula: (Th,U)SiO₄

References:

Steffenssen, G. A. W. (2018) The distribution and enrichment of scandium in garnets from the Tørdal pegmatites, and its economic implications. Master's thesis, University of Oslo.

ⓘ Thortveitite

Formula: Sc₂Si₂O₇

References:

Knut Edvard Larsen collection & Roy Kristiansen collection

Kristiansen, Roy (2018) Nye mineralfunn fra Heftetjern-pegmatitten i Tørdal. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018, Norsk Mineralsymposium. 79-92

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTi(SiO₄)O

Description: occurs with different colours and crystal habits A stannian variety exist. The titanites from Heftetjern is quite variable in composition, and some Sc-rich, but often with high Ta and Sn.

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ Titanite var. Triclinic Titanite (FRL)

Type Locality:

References:

Lussier, A. J.

Cooper, M.A.

ⓘ 'Tourmaline'

Formula: AD₃G₆ (T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z

References:

Pers.commentary Roy Kristiansen mars 2004

ⓘ Uedaite-(Ce)

Formula: (Mn²⁺Ce)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

Habit: Not very well developed elongated, prismatic crystals

Colour: Black

Description: Analyzed and verified at Tokyo University.

References:

Roy Kristiansen collection (photo-755017)

Kristiansen, Roy (2017) Fire nye mineraler for Norge [Four new minerals for Norway]. STEIN. Magasin for populærgeologi, 44 (1) 24-27

Kristiansen, Roy (2018) Nye mineralfunn fra Heftetjern-pegmatitten i Tørdal. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018, Norsk Mineralsymposium. 79-92

ⓘ 'Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y))' (FRL)

Formula: (Y,Ca)₂(Fe,◻)Be₂Si₂O₈(OH,O)₂

Type Locality:

References:

Chukanov, Nikita V., Aksenov, Sergey M., Rastsvetaeva, Ramiza K., Kristiansen, Roy, Pekov, Igor V., Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I., Van, Konstantin V., Bychkova, Yana V., Britvin, Sergey N. (2017) Crystal structure of the OH-dominant gadolinite-(Y) analogue (Y,Ca)₂(Fe,□)Be₂Si₂O₈(OH,O)₂ from Heftetjern pegmatite, Norway. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials, 73 (5) 899-906 doi:10.1107/s2052520617006588

ⓘ 'White mica'

References:

ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) ?

Formula: Y(PO₄)

References:

Kristiansen, Roy (2009) A unique assemblage of Scandium-bearing minerals from the Heftetjern-pegmatite, Tørdal, south Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 41. 75-104

ⓘ 'Yttrobetafite (of Hogarth 1977)'

Formula: A_2-mD₂X_6-wZ_1-n

Description: Bergstøl & Juve (1988) found an uranian yttrobetafite. As metamict alteration of ixiolite

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ ~~Yttrotantalite-(Y)~~

Formula: (Y,U,Fe²⁺)(Ta,Nb)(O,OH)₄

Description: Sample showed to be polycrase-(Y). (Pers.commentary R.Kristiansen mai 2009)

References:

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

ⓘ 'Zinnwaldite'

Description: as an alteration product of garnet

References:

Juve, G., Bergstøl, S. (1990) Caesian Bazzite in Granite pegmatite in Tørdal, Telemark, Norway. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43 (2) 131-136 doi:10.1007/bf01164306

ⓘ Zircon

Formula: Zr(SiO₄)

References:

Gallery:

Ca₄Be_3+xAl_1-xSi₉O_25-x(OH)_3+xⓘ Bohseite

Bohseite

Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

Bohseite

Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

Bohseite

Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)ⓘ Epidote

Epidote, etc.

Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

Epidote, etc.

Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

Epidote, etc.

Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃ⓘ Spessartine

Spessartine

Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

Spessartine

Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

Spessartine

Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Bismuth	1.CA.05	Bi
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Molybdenite	2.EA.30	MoS₂
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘ	Fluorite	3.AB.25	CaF₂
ⓘ	Bismoclite	3.DC.25	BiOCl
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	'Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series var. Scandian Ixiolite (of Bergstøl & Juve)'	4..	~(Sc,Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Ti)₄O₈
ⓘ	''	4..	(Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Mn)₄O₈
ⓘ	'Yttrobetafite (of Hogarth 1977)'	4..	A_2-mD₂X_6-wZ_1-n
ⓘ	'Pyrochlore Group'	4.00.	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
ⓘ	'var. Yttropyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)'	4.00.	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
ⓘ	'Microlite Group'	4.00.	A_2-mTa₂X_6-wZ_-n
ⓘ	'var. Scandium Microlite (of Bergstøl & Juve)'	4.00.	A_2-mTa₂X_6-wZ_-n
ⓘ	Gahnite	4.BB.05	ZnAl₂O₄
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Ilmenite var. Manganese-bearing Ilmenite	4.CB.05	(Fe,Mn)²⁺TiO₃
ⓘ		4.CB.05	Fe²⁺TiO₃
ⓘ	Quartz var. Smoky Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ		4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Opal	4.DA.10	SiO₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Rutile var. Ilmenorutile	4.DB.05	(Ti,Nb)O₂
ⓘ	Cassiterite	4.DB.05	SnO₂
ⓘ	Rutile	4.DB.05	TiO₂
ⓘ	Plattnerite	4.DB.05	PbO₂
ⓘ	Heftetjernite (TL)	4.DB.30	ScTaO₄
ⓘ	Tantalite-(Fe)	4.DB.35	Fe²⁺Ta₂O₆
ⓘ	Anatase ?	4.DD.05	TiO₂
ⓘ	Brookite	4.DD.10	TiO₂
ⓘ	Rynersonite	4.DF.05	CaTa₂O₆
ⓘ	Euxenite-(Y)	4.DG.05	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
ⓘ	Yttrotantalite-(Y) ?	4.DG.10	(Y,U,Fe²⁺)(Ta,Nb)(O,OH)₄
ⓘ	'Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)'	4.DH.15
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Cerussite	5.AB.15	PbCO₃
ⓘ	Bismutite	5.BE.25	(BiO)₂CO₃
ⓘ	Kamphaugite-(Y) ?	5.DC.10	Ca(Y,REE)(CO₃)₂(OH) · H₂O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Xenotime-(Y) ?	8.AD.35	Y(PO₄)
ⓘ	Monazite-(Ce)	8.AD.50	Ce(PO₄)
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Phenakite	9.AA.05	Be₂SiO₄
ⓘ	Spessartine	9.AD.25	Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Thorite	9.AD.30	Th(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Zircon	9.AD.30	Zr(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Thorite var. Uranothorite	9.AD.30	(Th,U)SiO₄
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTi(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	var. Triclinic Titanite (TL)	9.AG.15	CaTi(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Hingganite-(Y)	9.AJ.20	(Y,REE,Ca)₂(◻,Fe²⁺)Be₂[SiO₄]₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	'Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y))' (TL)	9.AJ.20	(Y,Ca)₂(Fe,◻)Be₂Si₂O₈(OH,O)₂
ⓘ	Hingganite-(Ce)	9.AJ.20	(Ce,REE)₂(◻,Fe²⁺)Be₂[SiO₄]₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Gadolinite-(Y)	9.AJ.20	Y₂Fe²⁺Be₂Si₂O₁₀
ⓘ	Thortveitite	9.BC.05	Sc₂Si₂O₇
ⓘ	Keiviite-(Y)	9.BC.05	Y₂Si₂O₇
ⓘ	Kristiansenite (TL)	9.BC.30	Ca₄Sc₂Sn₂(Si₂O₇)₂(Si₂O₆OH)₂
ⓘ	Bertrandite	9.BD.05	Be₄(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Heflikite (TL)	9.BG.	(CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Uedaite-(Ce)	9.BG.05	(Mn²⁺Ce)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Allanite-(Ce)	9.BG.05b	(CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Kainosite-(Y)	9.CF.10	Ca₂(Y,Ce)₂(Si₄O₁₂)(CO₃) · H₂O
ⓘ	Bazzite var. Caesian Bazzite	9.CJ.05	Be₃Sc₂(Si₆O₁₈)
ⓘ	Beryl	9.CJ.05	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
ⓘ	Bazzite	9.CJ.05	Be₃Sc₂(Si₆O₁₈)
ⓘ	Schorl	9.CK.05	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
ⓘ	Agakhanovite-(Y) (TL)	9.CM.	K◻₂(YCa)Be₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
ⓘ	Oftedalite (TL)	9.CM.05	K◻₂(ScCa)Be₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
ⓘ	Milarite	9.CM.05	K(◻H₂O)Ca₂(Be₂Al)[Si₁₂O₃₀]
ⓘ	Augite ?	9.DA.15	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Actinolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Bohseite	9.DF.	Ca₄Be_3+xAl_1-xSi₉O_25-x(OH)_3+x
ⓘ	Bavenite ?	9.DF.25	Ca₄Be₂Al₂Si₉O₂₆(OH)₂
ⓘ	Cascandite	9.DG.07	CaScSi₃O₈(OH)
ⓘ	Scandiobabingtonite	9.DK.05	Ca₂(Fe²⁺,Mn)ScSi₅O₁₄(OH)
ⓘ	Hellandite-(Y) var. Manganese-bearing Hellandite-(Y) (TL)	9.DK.20	Ca_1.34Mn_1.07Y_2.75Yb_0.38Al_0.92Fe_0.08Si₄B₄O_21.21(OH)_2.79
ⓘ		9.DK.20	(Ca,REE)₄Y₂Al◻₂(B₄Si₄O₂₂) (OH)₂
ⓘ	Muscovite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Siderophyllite	9.EC.20	KFe²⁺₂Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Nontronite	9.EC.40	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Clinochlore	9.EC.55	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
ⓘ	Stilpnomelane	9.EG.40	(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₆ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Microcline	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	var. Amazonite	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Albite var. Oligoclase-Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	var. Cleavelandite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ		9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	var. Oligoclase	9.FA.35	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
ⓘ	Helvine	9.FB.10	Be₃Mn²⁺₄(SiO₄)₃S
ⓘ	Rowlandite-(Y) ?	9.HG.20	(Y,Ce)₄Fe²⁺(Si₂O₇)₂F₂ (?)
Unclassified
ⓘ	'White mica'	-
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Tourmaline'	-	AD₃G₆ (T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
ⓘ	'Siderophyllite-Polylithionite Series'	-
ⓘ	'Gadolinite Group'	-	A₂MQ₂Si₂O₈φ₂
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ	'Garnet Group'	-	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	'Zinnwaldite'	-
ⓘ	'Limonite'	-

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Bavenite	Ca₄Be₂Al₂Si₉O₂₆(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Bertrandite	Be₄(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Cascandite	CaScSi₃O₈(OH)
H	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Hellandite-(Y)	(Ca,REE)₄Y₂Al◻₂(B₄Si₄O₂₂) (OH)₂
H	ⓘ Hingganite-(Ce)	(Ce,REE)₂(◻,Fe²⁺)Be₂[SiO₄]₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Hingganite-(Y)	(Y,REE,Ca)₂(◻,Fe²⁺)Be₂[SiO₄]₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Kainosite-(Y)	Ca₂(Y,Ce)₂(Si₄O₁₂)(CO₃) · H₂O
H	ⓘ Kamphaugite-(Y)	Ca(Y,REE)(CO₃)₂(OH) · H₂O
H	ⓘ Milarite	K(◻H₂O)Ca₂(Be₂Al)[Si₁₂O₃₀]
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Pyrochlore Group	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
H	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Siderophyllite	KFe₂²⁺Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Stilpnomelane	(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₆ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Yttropyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
H	ⓘ Yttrotantalite-(Y)	(Y,U,Fe²⁺)(Ta,Nb)(O,OH)₄
H	ⓘ Scandiobabingtonite	Ca₂(Fe²⁺,Mn)ScSi₅O₁₄(OH)
H	ⓘ Kristiansenite	Ca₄Sc₂Sn₂(Si₂O₇)₂(Si₂O₆OH)₂
H	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
H	ⓘ Uedaite-(Ce)	(Mn²⁺Ce)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Bohseite	Ca₄Be_3+xAl_1-xSi₉O_25-x(OH)_3+x
H	ⓘ Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y))	(Y,Ca)₂(Fe,◻)Be₂Si₂O₈(OH,O)₂
H	ⓘ Hellandite-(Y) var. Manganese-bearing Hellandite-(Y)	Ca_1.34Mn_1.07Y_2.75Yb_0.38Al_0.92Fe_0.08Si₄B₄O_21.21(OH)_2.79
H	ⓘ Heflikite	(CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Be	Beryllium
Be	ⓘ Bavenite	Ca₄Be₂Al₂Si₉O₂₆(OH)₂
Be	ⓘ Bazzite	Be₃Sc₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Be	ⓘ Bertrandite	Be₄(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂
Be	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Be	ⓘ Gadolinite-(Y)	Y₂Fe²⁺Be₂Si₂O₁₀
Be	ⓘ Helvine	Be₃Mn₄²⁺(SiO₄)₃S
Be	ⓘ Hingganite-(Ce)	(Ce,REE)₂(◻,Fe²⁺)Be₂[SiO₄]₂(OH)₂
Be	ⓘ Hingganite-(Y)	(Y,REE,Ca)₂(◻,Fe²⁺)Be₂[SiO₄]₂(OH)₂
Be	ⓘ Milarite	K(◻H₂O)Ca₂(Be₂Al)[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Be	ⓘ Phenakite	Be₂SiO₄
Be	ⓘ Oftedalite	K◻₂(ScCa)Be₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Be	ⓘ Bohseite	Ca₄Be_3+xAl_1-xSi₉O_25-x(OH)_3+x
Be	ⓘ Agakhanovite-(Y)	K◻₂(YCa)Be₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Be	ⓘ Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y))	(Y,Ca)₂(Fe,◻)Be₂Si₂O₈(OH,O)₂
B	Boron
B	ⓘ Hellandite-(Y)	(Ca,REE)₄Y₂Al◻₂(B₄Si₄O₂₂) (OH)₂
B	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
B	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆ (T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
B	ⓘ Hellandite-(Y) var. Manganese-bearing Hellandite-(Y)	Ca_1.34Mn_1.07Y_2.75Yb_0.38Al_0.92Fe_0.08Si₄B₄O_21.21(OH)_2.79
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Bismutite	(BiO)₂CO₃
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
C	ⓘ Kainosite-(Y)	Ca₂(Y,Ce)₂(Si₄O₁₂)(CO₃) · H₂O
C	ⓘ Kamphaugite-(Y)	Ca(Y,REE)(CO₃)₂(OH) · H₂O
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Anatase	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Bavenite	Ca₄Be₂Al₂Si₉O₂₆(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Bazzite	Be₃Sc₂(Si₆O₁₈)
O	ⓘ Bertrandite	Be₄(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Bismoclite	BiOCl
O	ⓘ Bismutite	(BiO)₂CO₃
O	ⓘ Brookite	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Cascandite	CaScSi₃O₈(OH)
O	ⓘ Cassiterite	SnO₂
O	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
O	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
O	ⓘ Tantalite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Ta₂O₆
O	ⓘ Gadolinite-(Y)	Y₂Fe²⁺Be₂Si₂O₁₀
O	ⓘ Gahnite	ZnAl₂O₄
O	ⓘ Hellandite-(Y)	(Ca,REE)₄Y₂Al◻₂(B₄Si₄O₂₂) (OH)₂
O	ⓘ Helvine	Be₃Mn₄²⁺(SiO₄)₃S
O	ⓘ Hingganite-(Ce)	(Ce,REE)₂(◻,Fe²⁺)Be₂[SiO₄]₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Hingganite-(Y)	(Y,REE,Ca)₂(◻,Fe²⁺)Be₂[SiO₄]₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile	(Ti,Nb)O₂
O	ⓘ Kainosite-(Y)	Ca₂(Y,Ce)₂(Si₄O₁₂)(CO₃) · H₂O
O	ⓘ Kamphaugite-(Y)	Ca(Y,REE)(CO₃)₂(OH) · H₂O
O	ⓘ Keiviite-(Y)	Y₂Si₂O₇
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Milarite	K(◻H₂O)Ca₂(Be₂Al)[Si₁₂O₃₀]
O	ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)	Ce(PO₄)
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase-Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Phenakite	Be₂SiO₄
O	ⓘ Plattnerite	PbO₂
O	ⓘ Pyrochlore Group	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Rowlandite-(Y)	(Y,Ce)₄Fe²⁺(Si₂O₇)₂F₂ (?)
O	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Rynersonite	CaTa₂O₆
O	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Siderophyllite	KFe₂²⁺Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Stilpnomelane	(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₆ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Thorite	Th(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Thortveitite	Sc₂Si₂O₇
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆ (T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
O	ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)	Y(PO₄)
O	ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Yttropyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
O	ⓘ Yttrotantalite-(Y)	(Y,U,Fe²⁺)(Ta,Nb)(O,OH)₄
O	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Scandiobabingtonite	Ca₂(Fe²⁺,Mn)ScSi₅O₁₄(OH)
O	ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Thorite var. Uranothorite	(Th,U)SiO₄
O	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Kristiansenite	Ca₄Sc₂Sn₂(Si₂O₇)₂(Si₂O₆OH)₂
O	ⓘ Ilmenite var. Manganese-bearing Ilmenite	(Fe,Mn)²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Oftedalite	K◻₂(ScCa)Be₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
O	ⓘ Uedaite-(Ce)	(Mn²⁺Ce)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series var. Scandian Ixiolite (of Bergstøl & Juve)	~(Sc,Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Ti)₄O₈
O	ⓘ Gadolinite Group	A₂MQ₂Si₂O₈φ₂
O	ⓘ Heftetjernite	ScTaO₄
O	ⓘ Bohseite	Ca₄Be_3+xAl_1-xSi₉O_25-x(OH)_3+x
O	ⓘ Agakhanovite-(Y)	K◻₂(YCa)Be₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
O	ⓘ Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y))	(Y,Ca)₂(Fe,◻)Be₂Si₂O₈(OH,O)₂
O	ⓘ Hellandite-(Y) var. Manganese-bearing Hellandite-(Y)	Ca_1.34Mn_1.07Y_2.75Yb_0.38Al_0.92Fe_0.08Si₄B₄O_21.21(OH)_2.79
O	ⓘ Heflikite	(CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
F	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
F	ⓘ Rowlandite-(Y)	(Y,Ce)₄Fe²⁺(Si₂O₇)₂F₂ (?)
F	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Na	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase-Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Na	ⓘ Stilpnomelane	(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₆ · nH₂O
Na	ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Mg	ⓘ Stilpnomelane	(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₆ · nH₂O
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Bavenite	Ca₄Be₂Al₂Si₉O₂₆(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Al	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Gahnite	ZnAl₂O₄
Al	ⓘ Hellandite-(Y)	(Ca,REE)₄Y₂Al◻₂(B₄Si₄O₂₂) (OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Milarite	K(◻H₂O)Ca₂(Be₂Al)[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase-Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Al	ⓘ Siderophyllite	KFe₂²⁺Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Al	ⓘ Stilpnomelane	(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₆ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Uedaite-(Ce)	(Mn²⁺Ce)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Bohseite	Ca₄Be_3+xAl_1-xSi₉O_25-x(OH)_3+x
Al	ⓘ Hellandite-(Y) var. Manganese-bearing Hellandite-(Y)	Ca_1.34Mn_1.07Y_2.75Yb_0.38Al_0.92Fe_0.08Si₄B₄O_21.21(OH)_2.79
Al	ⓘ Heflikite	(CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Bavenite	Ca₄Be₂Al₂Si₉O₂₆(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Bazzite	Be₃Sc₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Si	ⓘ Bertrandite	Be₄(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Beryl	Be₃Al₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Si	ⓘ Cascandite	CaScSi₃O₈(OH)
Si	ⓘ Clinochlore	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Gadolinite-(Y)	Y₂Fe²⁺Be₂Si₂O₁₀
Si	ⓘ Hellandite-(Y)	(Ca,REE)₄Y₂Al◻₂(B₄Si₄O₂₂) (OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Helvine	Be₃Mn₄²⁺(SiO₄)₃S
Si	ⓘ Hingganite-(Ce)	(Ce,REE)₂(◻,Fe²⁺)Be₂[SiO₄]₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Hingganite-(Y)	(Y,REE,Ca)₂(◻,Fe²⁺)Be₂[SiO₄]₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Kainosite-(Y)	Ca₂(Y,Ce)₂(Si₄O₁₂)(CO₃) · H₂O
Si	ⓘ Keiviite-(Y)	Y₂Si₂O₇
Si	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Milarite	K(◻H₂O)Ca₂(Be₂Al)[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase-Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Opal	SiO₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Phenakite	Be₂SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Rowlandite-(Y)	(Y,Ce)₄Fe²⁺(Si₂O₇)₂F₂ (?)
Si	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Si	ⓘ Siderophyllite	KFe₂²⁺Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Stilpnomelane	(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₆ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Thorite	Th(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Thortveitite	Sc₂Si₂O₇
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Scandiobabingtonite	Ca₂(Fe²⁺,Mn)ScSi₅O₁₄(OH)
Si	ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Thorite var. Uranothorite	(Th,U)SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Kristiansenite	Ca₄Sc₂Sn₂(Si₂O₇)₂(Si₂O₆OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Oftedalite	K◻₂(ScCa)Be₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Si	ⓘ Uedaite-(Ce)	(Mn²⁺Ce)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Gadolinite Group	A₂MQ₂Si₂O₈φ₂
Si	ⓘ Bohseite	Ca₄Be_3+xAl_1-xSi₉O_25-x(OH)_3+x
Si	ⓘ Agakhanovite-(Y)	K◻₂(YCa)Be₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Si	ⓘ Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y))	(Y,Ca)₂(Fe,◻)Be₂Si₂O₈(OH,O)₂
Si	ⓘ Hellandite-(Y) var. Manganese-bearing Hellandite-(Y)	Ca_1.34Mn_1.07Y_2.75Yb_0.38Al_0.92Fe_0.08Si₄B₄O_21.21(OH)_2.79
Si	ⓘ Heflikite	(CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)	Ce(PO₄)
P	ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)	Y(PO₄)
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Helvine	Be₃Mn₄²⁺(SiO₄)₃S
S	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Bismoclite	BiOCl
Cl	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Milarite	K(◻H₂O)Ca₂(Be₂Al)[Si₁₂O₃₀]
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Siderophyllite	KFe₂²⁺Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Stilpnomelane	(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₆ · nH₂O
K	ⓘ Oftedalite	K◻₂(ScCa)Be₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
K	ⓘ Agakhanovite-(Y)	K◻₂(YCa)Be₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Bavenite	Ca₄Be₂Al₂Si₉O₂₆(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Cascandite	CaScSi₃O₈(OH)
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Fluorite	CaF₂
Ca	ⓘ Hellandite-(Y)	(Ca,REE)₄Y₂Al◻₂(B₄Si₄O₂₂) (OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Hingganite-(Y)	(Y,REE,Ca)₂(◻,Fe²⁺)Be₂[SiO₄]₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Kainosite-(Y)	Ca₂(Y,Ce)₂(Si₄O₁₂)(CO₃) · H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Kamphaugite-(Y)	Ca(Y,REE)(CO₃)₂(OH) · H₂O
Ca	ⓘ Milarite	K(◻H₂O)Ca₂(Be₂Al)[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Ca	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Rynersonite	CaTa₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Stilpnomelane	(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₆ · nH₂O
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ca	ⓘ Scandiobabingtonite	Ca₂(Fe²⁺,Mn)ScSi₅O₁₄(OH)
Ca	ⓘ Kristiansenite	Ca₄Sc₂Sn₂(Si₂O₇)₂(Si₂O₆OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Oftedalite	K◻₂(ScCa)Be₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Ca	ⓘ Bohseite	Ca₄Be_3+xAl_1-xSi₉O_25-x(OH)_3+x
Ca	ⓘ Agakhanovite-(Y)	K◻₂(YCa)Be₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Ca	ⓘ Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y))	(Y,Ca)₂(Fe,◻)Be₂Si₂O₈(OH,O)₂
Ca	ⓘ Hellandite-(Y) var. Manganese-bearing Hellandite-(Y)	Ca_1.34Mn_1.07Y_2.75Yb_0.38Al_0.92Fe_0.08Si₄B₄O_21.21(OH)_2.79
Ca	ⓘ Heflikite	(CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Sc	Scandium
Sc	ⓘ Bazzite	Be₃Sc₂(Si₆O₁₈)
Sc	ⓘ Cascandite	CaScSi₃O₈(OH)
Sc	ⓘ Thortveitite	Sc₂Si₂O₇
Sc	ⓘ Scandiobabingtonite	Ca₂(Fe²⁺,Mn)ScSi₅O₁₄(OH)
Sc	ⓘ Kristiansenite	Ca₄Sc₂Sn₂(Si₂O₇)₂(Si₂O₆OH)₂
Sc	ⓘ Oftedalite	K◻₂(ScCa)Be₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Sc	ⓘ Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series var. Scandian Ixiolite (of Bergstøl & Juve)	~(Sc,Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Ti)₄O₈
Sc	ⓘ Heftetjernite	ScTaO₄
Sc	ⓘ Heflikite	(CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Anatase	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Ti	ⓘ Brookite	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile	(Ti,Nb)O₂
Ti	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite var. Manganese-bearing Ilmenite	(Fe,Mn)²⁺TiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series var. Scandian Ixiolite (of Bergstøl & Juve)	~(Sc,Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Ti)₄O₈
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Helvine	Be₃Mn₄²⁺(SiO₄)₃S
Mn	ⓘ Spessartine	Mn₃²⁺Al₂(SiO₄)₃
Mn	ⓘ Scandiobabingtonite	Ca₂(Fe²⁺,Mn)ScSi₅O₁₄(OH)
Mn	ⓘ Ilmenite var. Manganese-bearing Ilmenite	(Fe,Mn)²⁺TiO₃
Mn	ⓘ Uedaite-(Ce)	(Mn²⁺Ce)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Mn	ⓘ Hellandite-(Y) var. Manganese-bearing Hellandite-(Y)	Ca_1.34Mn_1.07Y_2.75Yb_0.38Al_0.92Fe_0.08Si₄B₄O_21.21(OH)_2.79
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Tantalite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Ta₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Gadolinite-(Y)	Y₂Fe²⁺Be₂Si₂O₁₀
Fe	ⓘ Hingganite-(Ce)	(Ce,REE)₂(◻,Fe²⁺)Be₂[SiO₄]₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Hingganite-(Y)	(Y,REE,Ca)₂(◻,Fe²⁺)Be₂[SiO₄]₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Nontronite	Na_0.3Fe₂((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Rowlandite-(Y)	(Y,Ce)₄Fe²⁺(Si₂O₇)₂F₂ (?)
Fe	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Siderophyllite	KFe₂²⁺Al(Al₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Stilpnomelane	(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)₈(Si,Al)₁₂(O,OH)₃₆ · nH₂O
Fe	ⓘ Yttrotantalite-(Y)	(Y,U,Fe²⁺)(Ta,Nb)(O,OH)₄
Fe	ⓘ Scandiobabingtonite	Ca₂(Fe²⁺,Mn)ScSi₅O₁₄(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite var. Manganese-bearing Ilmenite	(Fe,Mn)²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Uedaite-(Ce)	(Mn²⁺Ce)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series var. Scandian Ixiolite (of Bergstøl & Juve)	~(Sc,Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Ti)₄O₈
Fe	ⓘ Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y))	(Y,Ca)₂(Fe,◻)Be₂Si₂O₈(OH,O)₂
Fe	ⓘ Hellandite-(Y) var. Manganese-bearing Hellandite-(Y)	Ca_1.34Mn_1.07Y_2.75Yb_0.38Al_0.92Fe_0.08Si₄B₄O_21.21(OH)_2.79
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Gahnite	ZnAl₂O₄
Y	Yttrium
Y	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Y	ⓘ Gadolinite-(Y)	Y₂Fe²⁺Be₂Si₂O₁₀
Y	ⓘ Hellandite-(Y)	(Ca,REE)₄Y₂Al◻₂(B₄Si₄O₂₂) (OH)₂
Y	ⓘ Hingganite-(Y)	(Y,REE,Ca)₂(◻,Fe²⁺)Be₂[SiO₄]₂(OH)₂
Y	ⓘ Kainosite-(Y)	Ca₂(Y,Ce)₂(Si₄O₁₂)(CO₃) · H₂O
Y	ⓘ Kamphaugite-(Y)	Ca(Y,REE)(CO₃)₂(OH) · H₂O
Y	ⓘ Keiviite-(Y)	Y₂Si₂O₇
Y	ⓘ Rowlandite-(Y)	(Y,Ce)₄Fe²⁺(Si₂O₇)₂F₂ (?)
Y	ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)	Y(PO₄)
Y	ⓘ Yttrotantalite-(Y)	(Y,U,Fe²⁺)(Ta,Nb)(O,OH)₄
Y	ⓘ Agakhanovite-(Y)	K◻₂(YCa)Be₃[Si₁₂O₃₀]
Y	ⓘ Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y))	(Y,Ca)₂(Fe,◻)Be₂Si₂O₈(OH,O)₂
Y	ⓘ Hellandite-(Y) var. Manganese-bearing Hellandite-(Y)	Ca_1.34Mn_1.07Y_2.75Yb_0.38Al_0.92Fe_0.08Si₄B₄O_21.21(OH)_2.79
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Nb	Niobium
Nb	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Nb	ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile	(Ti,Nb)O₂
Nb	ⓘ Pyrochlore Group	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
Nb	ⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Yttropyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)	A₂Nb₂(O,OH)₆Z
Nb	ⓘ Yttrotantalite-(Y)	(Y,U,Fe²⁺)(Ta,Nb)(O,OH)₄
Nb	ⓘ Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series var. Scandian Ixiolite (of Bergstøl & Juve)	~(Sc,Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Ti)₄O₈
Mo	Molybdenum
Mo	ⓘ Molybdenite	MoS₂
Sn	Tin
Sn	ⓘ Cassiterite	SnO₂
Sn	ⓘ Kristiansenite	Ca₄Sc₂Sn₂(Si₂O₇)₂(Si₂O₆OH)₂
Sn	ⓘ Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series var. Scandian Ixiolite (of Bergstøl & Juve)	~(Sc,Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Ti)₄O₈
Ce	Cerium
Ce	ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ce	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Ce	ⓘ Hingganite-(Ce)	(Ce,REE)₂(◻,Fe²⁺)Be₂[SiO₄]₂(OH)₂
Ce	ⓘ Kainosite-(Y)	Ca₂(Y,Ce)₂(Si₄O₁₂)(CO₃) · H₂O
Ce	ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)	Ce(PO₄)
Ce	ⓘ Rowlandite-(Y)	(Y,Ce)₄Fe²⁺(Si₂O₇)₂F₂ (?)
Ce	ⓘ Uedaite-(Ce)	(Mn²⁺Ce)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Yb	Ytterbium
Yb	ⓘ Hellandite-(Y) var. Manganese-bearing Hellandite-(Y)	Ca_1.34Mn_1.07Y_2.75Yb_0.38Al_0.92Fe_0.08Si₄B₄O_21.21(OH)_2.79
Ta	Tantalum
Ta	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Ta	ⓘ Tantalite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Ta₂O₆
Ta	ⓘ Microlite Group	A_2-mTa₂X_6-wZ_-n
Ta	ⓘ Rynersonite	CaTa₂O₆
Ta	ⓘ Yttrotantalite-(Y)	(Y,U,Fe²⁺)(Ta,Nb)(O,OH)₄
Ta	ⓘ Ixiolite-(Mn2+)-Ixiolite-(Fe2+) Series var. Scandian Ixiolite (of Bergstøl & Juve)	~(Sc,Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Ti)₄O₈
Ta	ⓘ Heftetjernite	ScTaO₄
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Cerussite	PbCO₃
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS
Pb	ⓘ Plattnerite	PbO₂
Bi	Bismuth
Bi	ⓘ Bismoclite	BiOCl
Bi	ⓘ Bismuth	Bi
Bi	ⓘ Bismutite	(BiO)₂CO₃
Th	Thorium
Th	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
Th	ⓘ Thorite	Th(SiO₄)
Th	ⓘ Thorite var. Uranothorite	(Th,U)SiO₄
U	Uranium
U	ⓘ Euxenite-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₆
U	ⓘ Yttrotantalite-(Y)	(Y,U,Fe²⁺)(Ta,Nb)(O,OH)₄
U	ⓘ Thorite var. Uranothorite	(Th,U)SiO₄

Other Databases

Link to Geological Survey of Norway:	8495

Localities in this Region

Norway

Telemark
- Drangedal
  - Tørdal
    - Heftetjern pegmatite
      - Heftetjern 2

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Baltic Shield (Fennoscandian Shield)Shield

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

EuropeContinent

Norway

⭔Vestfold og Telemark (2020-2023)County

ScandinaviaRegion

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Geological Survey of Norway (NGU). The Natural Stone Database. Deposit Area 817 - 305. Heftetjern. (Last updated 11.des.2019)

Juve, G., Bergstøl, S. (1990) Caesian Bazzite in Granite pegmatite in Tørdal, Telemark, Norway. Mineralogy and Petrology, 43 (2) 131-136 doi:10.1007/bf01164306

Jambor, John L. (1991) New Mineral Names: Scandium microlite. American Mineralogist, 76 (3-4) 668

Werner, Ronald (1993) Bazzitt fra pegmatitt nær Tørdal, in Telemark II. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 20 (3) 184-187

Juve, Gunnar, Bergstøl, Sveinung (1997) Granittpegmatitter i Tørdal. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 12. 56-57

Kristiansen, Roy (1998) Høydalen Litium -pegmatitt-Tørdal i Telemark. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 25 (4) 21-30

Wise, Michael A., Černý, Petr, Falster, Alexander U. (1998) Scandium substitution in columbite-group minerals and ixiolite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 36 (2) 673-680

Demartin, F., Gramaccioli, C. M., Pilati, T. (2000) Structure refinement of bazzite from pegmatitic and miarolitic occurrences. The Canadian Mineralogist, 38 (6) 1419-1424 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.38.6.1419

Ferraris, G., Gula, A., Ivaldi, G., Nespolo, M., Raade, G. (2000) Solving the structure of a new Ca-Sc-Sn disilicate twinned by metric merohedry. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, 56. doi:10.1107/s0108767300028178

Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mer om rynersonitt. STEIN. Magasin for populærgeologi, 27 (1) 12-14

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 17. 19-25

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2000) Scandium enrichment in the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Telemark, Norway. 4th International Conference Mineralogy and Museums, Melbourne, Australia 2000, December 4th - 7th. Program and abstracts , 83

Nespolo, M., Ferraris, G, Gula, A., Ivaldi, G., Raade, Gunnar (2001) Unusual merohedric twinning in kristiansenite. Program and Abstracts, Annual meeting, Mineralogical Society of Japan, Akita, 154

Eldjarn, Knut (2002) Seltene Scandium-mineralien von Tørdal, Telemark, Norwegen. Mineralien Welt, 13 (2) 14-22

Ellingsen, Hans Vidar, Haugen, Astrid (2002) Kristiansenitt- et nytt mineral fra Tørdal. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 29 (1) 32-34

Grew, E. S. (2002, January 1st) Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry of Beryllium: An Introduction and List of Beryllium Minerals. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Vol. 50. Mineralogical Society of America p.1-76. doi:10.2138/rmg.2202.50.01

Hawthorne, F. C. (2002) The use of end-member charge-arrangements in defining new mineral species and heterovalent substitutions in complex minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40 (2) 699-710 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.40.2.699

Kristiansen, Roy (2003) Scandium-mineraler i Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 30 (2) 14-23

Raade, Gunnar, Segalstad, Tom Victor (2003) Scandium 2003: An International symposium on the mineralogy and geochemistry of scandium. NGF Abstracts and Proceedings Vol. 2003 (2) Geological Society of Norway

Ferraris, G., Raade, Gunnar, Gula, A., Ivaldi, G. (2003) Incorporation of scandium and other structural aspects in kristiansenite. NGF Abstracts and Proceedings. Scandium 2003: An International symposium on the mineralogy and geochemistry of scandium, 2003 (2) 16-17

Raade, Gunnar (2003) An introduction to scandium: mineralogy and crystal chemistry. NGF Abstracts and Proceedings. Scandium 2003: An International symposium on the mineralogy and geochemistry of scandium, 2003 (2) 31-33

Raade, Gunnar, Bernard, F. (2003) Coexisting scandium minerals in the Heftetjern granite pegmatite. NGF Abstracts and Proceedings. Scandium 2003: An International symposium on the mineralogy and geochemistry of scandium, 2003 (2) 34-35

Raade, Gunnar, Kristiansen, Roy (2003) Scandium as a trace element in the Heftetjern pegmatite minerals. NGF Abstracts and Proceedings.Scandium 2003: An International symposium on the mineralogy and geochemistry of scandium, 2003 (2) 36-37

Ferraris, Giovanni, Makovicky, Emil, Merlino, Stefano (2004) Crystallography of Modular Materials - IUCr Monographs on Crystallography No. 15. University Press. p.1-384.p.299 - on kristiansenite

Nespolo, Massimo (2004) Twin point groups and the polychromatic symmetry of twins. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 219 (2) 57-71 doi:10.1524/zkri.219.2.57.26317

Raade, Gunnar, Bernhard, Franz, Ottolini, Luisa (2004) Replacement textures involving four scandium silicate minerals in the Heftetjern granitic pegmatite, Norway. European Journal of Mineralogy, 16 (6) 945-950 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2004/0016-0945

Kristiansen, Roy (2005) Milarittgruppens mineraler i Norge [The minerals of the milarite group in Norway]. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 30. 21-29

Kristiansen, Roy (2008) Nye mineralfunn i Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 35 (1) 17-21 analysis of rynersonite and find of bismoclite

Laukert, G. (2008) Mineralien von Seltenerd-pegmatiten aus Norwegen und Schweden, Bachelor-Arbeit Geowissenschaften. Albert-Ludwigs Universität. 1-67

Kristiansen, Roy (2009) A unique assemblage of Scandium-bearing minerals from the Heftetjern-pegmatite, Tørdal, south Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 41. 75-104

Raade, Gunnar (2010) Plumbomicrolite from the Heftetjern granitic pegmatite, Tørdal, Telemark, south Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 43. 21-28

Kristiansen, Roy (2010) Heftetjernitt og triklin titanitt fra Heftetjern i Tørdal. STEIN. Magasin for populærgeologi, 37 (4) 20-22

Miyawaki, R., Momma, K., Yokoyama, K., Shigeoka, M., Matsubara, S., Ito, M., Nakai, I., and Kristiansen, R. (2012) Mn-bearing hellandite-(Y) from Telemark, Norway. Abstracts for Annual Meeting of Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences 2011, R-1P20.

Kristiansen, Roy (2017) Fire nye mineraler for Norge [Four new minerals for Norway]. STEIN. Magasin for populærgeologi, 44 (1) 24-27 pp.24-25 - on a find of uedaite-(Ce), bohseite and plattnerite

Miyawaki, R., Momma, K., Cooper, M.A., Hawthorne, F.C., and Kristiansen, R. (2018) Refinements of crystal structure of hingganite-(Y): Cation ordering and lowering symmetry. Abstracts, Annual meeting of REE society of Japan, March 2018.

Kristiansen, Roy (2018) Nye mineralfunn fra Heftetjern-pegmatitten i Tørdal. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018, Norsk Mineralsymposium. 79-92

Steffenssen, G. A. W. (2018) The distribution and enrichment of scandium in garnets from the Tørdal pegmatites, and its economic implications. Master's thesis, University of Oslo.

Cooper, Mark A., Hawthorne, Frank C., Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Kristiansen, Roy (2019) Cation order in the crystal structure of ‘Ca-hingganite-(Y)'. The Canadian Mineralogist, 57 (3) 371-382 doi:10.3749/canmin.1800081

Wilhelmsen, Markus Nytun (2020) The scandium content of beryllium-bearing minerals and micas from Tørdal pegmatites and its genetic and economic implications. Master, University of Oslo.

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Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, NorwayiRegional Level TypesHeftetjern pegmatitePegmatite TørdalParish DrangedalMunicipality TelemarkCounty NorwayCountry function showexplain() { $("#locexplain").toggle(); if (typeof movemap === "function") movemap(); }

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Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway i
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