The zinc occurrences consist of both sulfide and nonsulfide bodies, discontinuously cropping out over an area of ca. 2 km2. The mineralized bodies are mainly hosted by dolomitized limestone of the upper levels of the Condorsinga Formation, alternated with clayey horizons. Limestone is extensively karstified, with reworked carbonate material in the form of layered infills to fossil solution cavities and cave systems.

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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.

ⓘ Zinc

Mineral List

15 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

ⓘ Clay

ⓘ Dolostone

ⓘ Limestone

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

References:

Arfè, G., Mondillo, N., Boni, M., Joachimski, M., Balassone, G., Mormone, A., ... & Medrano, E. C. (2017). The Cristal Zn prospect (Amazonas region, Northern Peru). Part II: An example of supergene enrichments in tropical areas. Ore Geology Reviews.

ⓘ Chalcophanite

Formula: ZnMn⁴⁺₃O₇ · 3H₂O

References:

Arfè, Giuseppe, Nicola Mondillo, Giuseppina Balassone, Maria Boni, Piergiulio Cappelletti, and Tommaso Di Palma. (2017) "Identification of Zn-Bearing Micas and Clays from the Cristal and Mina Grande Zinc Deposits (Bongará Province, Amazonas Region, Northern Peru)" Minerals 7, no. 11: 214. https://doi.org/10.3390/min7110214

Santoro, Licia, Putzolu, Francesco, Mondillo, Nicola, Boni, Maria, Herrington, Richard (2020) Influence of Genetic Processes on Geochemistry of Fe-oxy-hydroxides in Supergene Zn Non-Sulfide Deposits. Minerals, 10 (7) 602 doi:10.3390/min10070602

Balassone, G., Scognamiglio, V., Nieto, F., Mondillo, N., Boni, M., Cappelletti, P., & Arfè, G. (2020). The nature of Zn-phyllosilicates in the nonsulfide Mina Grande and Cristal zinc deposits (Bongará District, Northern Peru): The TEM-HRTEM and AEM perspective. American Mineralogist, 105(8), 1223-1241.

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'

References:

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

References:

ⓘ Goethite

Formula: α-Fe³⁺O(OH)

References:

Mondillo, N., Arfè, G., Herrington, R., Boni, M., Wilkinson, C., & Mormone, A. (2018). Germanium enrichment in supergene settings: evidence from the Cristal nonsulfide Zn prospect, Bongará district, northern Peru. Mineralium Deposita, 53(2), 155-169.

ⓘ Greenockite

Formula: CdS

References:

ⓘ Hemimorphite

Formula: Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O

References:

ⓘ Hendricksite

Formula: KZn₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Hydrozincite

Formula: Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆

References:

ⓘ 'Limonite'

References:

ⓘ 'Monazite'

Formula: REE(PO₄)

References:

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite

Formula: K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

ⓘ Sauconite

Formula: Na_0.3Zn₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O

References:

ⓘ 'Smectite Group'

Formula: A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O

References:

ⓘ Smithsonite

Formula: ZnCO₃

References:

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

References:

ⓘ 'Synchysite'

Formula: Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)₂F

References:

ⓘ 'Xenotime'

References:

ⓘ Zircon

Formula: Zr(SiO₄)

References:

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Greenockite	2.CB.45	CdS
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Goethite	4.00.	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Chalcophanite	4.FL.20	ZnMn⁴⁺₃O₇ · 3H₂O
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Smithsonite	5.AB.05	ZnCO₃
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Hydrozincite	5.BA.15	Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Zircon	9.AD.30	Zr(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Hemimorphite	9.BD.10	Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O
ⓘ	Muscovite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	var. Illite	9.EC.15	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
ⓘ	Hendricksite	9.EC.20	KZn₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Sauconite	9.EC.45	Na_0.3Zn₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Xenotime'	-
ⓘ	'Synchysite'	-	Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)₂F
ⓘ	'Monazite'	-	REE(PO₄)
ⓘ	'Limonite'	-
ⓘ	'Feldspar Group'	-
ⓘ	'Smectite Group'	-	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Chalcophanite	ZnMn₃⁴⁺O₇ · 3H₂O
H	ⓘ Goethite	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Hemimorphite	Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O
H	ⓘ Hendricksite	KZn₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Hydrozincite	Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Sauconite	Na_0.3Zn₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
H	ⓘ Smectite Group	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Hydrozincite	Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆
C	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
C	ⓘ Synchysite	Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)₂F
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Chalcophanite	ZnMn₃⁴⁺O₇ · 3H₂O
O	ⓘ Goethite	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Hemimorphite	Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O
O	ⓘ Hendricksite	KZn₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Hydrozincite	Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
O	ⓘ Monazite	REE(PO₄)
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Sauconite	Na_0.3Zn₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
O	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
O	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Synchysite	Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)₂F
O	ⓘ Smectite Group	A_0.3D_2-3[T₄O₁₀]Z₂ · nH₂O
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Synchysite	Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)₂F
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Sauconite	Na_0.3Zn₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Hendricksite	KZn₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Sauconite	Na_0.3Zn₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Hemimorphite	Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O
Si	ⓘ Hendricksite	KZn₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Sauconite	Na_0.3Zn₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
Si	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Monazite	REE(PO₄)
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Greenockite	CdS
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Hendricksite	KZn₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Synchysite	Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)₂F
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Chalcophanite	ZnMn₃⁴⁺O₇ · 3H₂O
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Goethite	α-Fe³⁺O(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Chalcophanite	ZnMn₃⁴⁺O₇ · 3H₂O
Zn	ⓘ Hemimorphite	Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O
Zn	ⓘ Hendricksite	KZn₃(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂
Zn	ⓘ Hydrozincite	Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆
Zn	ⓘ Sauconite	Na_0.3Zn₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · 4H₂O
Zn	ⓘ Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
Y	Yttrium
Y	ⓘ Synchysite	Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)₂F
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Cd	Cadmium
Cd	ⓘ Greenockite	CdS
Ce	Cerium
Ce	ⓘ Synchysite	Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)₂F
Nd	Neodymium
Nd	ⓘ Synchysite	Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO₃)₂F
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

South AmericaContinent

AndesMountain Range

South America PlateTectonic Plate

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References

[1]Balassone, G., Scognamiglio, V., Nieto, F., Mondillo, N., Boni, M., Cappelletti, P., & Arfè, G. (2020). The nature of Zn-phyllosilicates in the nonsulfide Mina Grande and Cristal zinc deposits (Bongará District, Northern Peru): The TEM-HRTEM and AEM perspective. American Mineralogist, 105(8), 1223-1241.

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