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Dill, Harald Gerold, Rüsenberg, Kurt Anton (2023) Marker Minerals in Volcanics and Xenoliths—An Approach to Categorize the Inferred Magmatic Rocks Underneath the Present-Day Volcanic Landscape of Tenerife, Spain (NW African Rare Mineral Province) Minerals, 13 (11) 1410 doi:10.3390/min13111410

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TitleMarker Minerals in Volcanics and Xenoliths—An Approach to Categorize the Inferred Magmatic Rocks Underneath the Present-Day Volcanic Landscape of Tenerife, Spain (NW African Rare Mineral Province)
JournalMinerals
AuthorsDill, Harald GeroldAuthor
Rüsenberg, Kurt AntonAuthor
Year2023 (November 3)Volume13
Page(s)1410Issue11
PublisherMDPI AG
DOIdoi:10.3390/min13111410Search in ResearchGate
Classification
Not set
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Not set
Mindat Ref. ID16922102Long-form Identifiermindat:1:5:16922102:9
GUID560bb664-0e13-4c49-86a1-f25c27311737
Full ReferenceDill, Harald Gerold, Rüsenberg, Kurt Anton (2023) Marker Minerals in Volcanics and Xenoliths—An Approach to Categorize the Inferred Magmatic Rocks Underneath the Present-Day Volcanic Landscape of Tenerife, Spain (NW African Rare Mineral Province) Minerals, 13 (11) 1410 doi:10.3390/min13111410
Plain TextDill, Harald Gerold, Rüsenberg, Kurt Anton (2023) Marker Minerals in Volcanics and Xenoliths—An Approach to Categorize the Inferred Magmatic Rocks Underneath the Present-Day Volcanic Landscape of Tenerife, Spain (NW African Rare Mineral Province) Minerals, 13 (11) 1410 doi:10.3390/min13111410
In(2023, November) Minerals Vol. 13 (11) MDPI AG
Abstract/NotesA mineralogical mapping (terrain analysis) based on micro-mounts has been performed in the Archipelago of the Canary Islands, Spain. The rare elements Be, F, Li, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and rare earth elements (REE) were investigated on the largest island of the Canary Islands Archipelago, Tenerife, Spain. This study forms a contribution to the metallogenetic evolution of the offshore area of the NW African Rare Mineral Province. The finds made at Tenerife were correlated by means of minero-stratigraphy with the adjacent islands La Gomera, Gran Canaria and Fuerteventura, where typical critical element host rocks, e.g., carbonatites, are exposed. At Tenerife, these hidden rock types are only indicated by a wealth of 128 compositional first-order marker minerals hosting Be, F, Zr, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Li, Cs, Sn, W, Ti and REE plus Y and another 106 structural second-order marker minerals describing the geodynamic and morpho-structural evolution of Tenerife (Mn, Fe, Pb, U, Th, As, Sb, V, S, B, Cu, Zn, Mo, Au). Based upon the quantitative micro-mineralogical mapping of lithoclasts and mineralogical xenoliths (foid-bearing monzodiorite/gabbro, (nepheline) syenite, phonolite trachyte) in volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks, hidden intrusive/subvolcanic bodies can be delineated that are associated with contact-metasomatic, zeolitic and argillic alteration zones, as well as potential ore zones. Two potential types of deposits are determined. These are pegmatite-syenites with minor carbonatites bound to a series of agpaitic intrusive rocks that are genetically interlocked with rift zones and associated with a hotspot along a passive continental margin. Towards the east, the carbonatite/alkali magmatite ratio reverses at Fuerteventura in favor of carbonatites, while at Gran Canaria and La Gomera, shallow hypogene/supergene mineral associations interpreted as a marginal facies to Tenerife occur and a new REE discovery in APS minerals has been made. There are seven mineralizing processes different from each other and representative of a peculiar metallogenic process (given in brackets): Protostage 1 (rifting), stages 2a to 2d (differentiation of syenite–pegmatite), stages 3 to 4b (contact-metasomatic/hydrothermal mineralization), stages 5a to 5b (hydrothermal remobilization and zeolitization), stage 6 (shallow hypogene-supergene transition and kaolinization), and stage 7 (auto-hydrothermal-topomineralic mineralization). The prerequisites to successfully take this holistic approach in economic geology are a low maturity of the landscapes in the target area, a Cenozoic age of endogenous and exogenous processes amenable to sedimentological, geomorphological, volcano-tectonic and quantitative mineralogical investigations. The volcanic island’s mineralogical mapping is not primarily designed as a proper pre-well-site study on the Isle of Tenerife, but considered a reference study area for minero-stratigraphic inter-island correlation (land–land) and land–sea when investigating the seabed and seamounts around volcanic archipelagos along the passive margin, as exemplified by the NW African Craton and its metallogenic province. This unconventional exploration technique should also be tested for hotspot- and rift-related volcanic islands elsewhere on the globe for mineral commodities different from the ones under study.

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Map of Localities

Locality Pages

LocalityCitation Details
Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain
Alcala, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain
Lava flow, Barranco Hondo, Candelaria, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain
Centinela, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain
La Mareta, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain
Los Abrigos, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain
Los Blanquitos, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain
Los Humilladeros, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain
Mount Pelada, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain
Mount Reventada, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain
Palm Mar, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain
Playa de Enramada, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain
Playa de Paraiaso, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain
Playa de San Juan, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain
Poris de Abona, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain
Santa Cruz, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain
Puerto de Santiago, Santiago del Teide, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain
Tajao, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain

Mineral Occurrences

LocalityMineral(s)
Fuerteventura, Las Palmas Province, Canary Islands, Spain Allanite-(Ce), Apatite, Bastnäsite-(Ce), Britholite-(Ce), Clinozoisite, Cuspidine, Dissakisite, Dissakisite-(Ce), Epidote, Fersmite, Fluorite, Gittinsite, Grossular, Loparite-(Ce), Monazite-(Ce), Monticellite, Niocalite, Perovskite, Pyrochlore Group, Titanite, Vesuvianite, Wollastonite, Xenotime-(Y), Zircon
Gran Canaria, Las Palmas Province, Canary Islands, Spain Apatite, Bastnäsite-(Ce), Cerianite-(Ce), Monazite-(Ce), Rhabdophane-(Ce), Titanite
La Gomera, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Florencite-(Ce)
Alcala, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Allanite Group, Alleghanyite, Analcime, Ancylite-(Ce), Ankerite, Apatite, Astrophyllite, Barylite, Bastnäsite-(Ce), Bavenite, Behoite, Bixbyite-(Mn), Britholite-(Ce), Burbankite, Catapleiite, Chevkinite-(Ce), Chkalovite, Cookeite, Copper, Cryolite, Cuprite, Dalyite, Davanite, Epididymite, Epistolite, Eudialyte, Eudidymite, Fersmite, Fluorite, Götzenite, Hambergite, Humite, Ignimbritic tuff, Kutnohorite, Latrappite, Låvenite, Loparite-(Ce), Lorenzenite, Lucasite-(Ce), Lueshite, Malachite, Monazite-(Ce), Mosandrite-(Ce), Namansilite, Natrolite, Nenadkevichite, Neptunite, Niocalite, Normandite, Offretite, Polylithionite, Pyrochlore Group, Pyrophanite, Ramsdellite, Rhabdophane-(Ce), Rinkite-(Ce), Sazhinite-(Ce), Sellaite, Serandite, Steenstrupine-(Ce), Sørensenite, Tapiolite-(Fe), Tsepinite-Ca, Tweddillite, Villiaumite, Vinogradovite, Vuonnemite, Wöhlerite, Zircon, Zirconolite
Lava flow, Barranco Hondo, Candelaria, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Analcime, Anglesite, Ansermetite, Apatite, Baddeleyite, Bavenite, Columbite-(Fe), Columbite-(Mg), Cookeite, Cotunnite, Coulsonite, Cryolite, Cuspidine, Descloizite, Eliseevite, Eudialyte, Fernandinite, Fiedlerite, Fluorite, Gabbro, Galena, Gold, Griceite, Gugiaite, Halloysite, Holmquistite, Isolueshite, Johannsenite, Kalsilite, Kaolinite, Khomyakovite, Kombatite, Lanarkite, Laurionite, Lepidolite, Leucite, Lintisite, Litharge, Loparite-(Ce), Lorenzenite, Lucasite-(Ce), Lueshite, Macedonite, Magnesiocoulsonite, Manganoneptunite, Manganvesuvianite, Massicot, Matlockite, Medaite, Melanovanadite, Minasragrite, Minium, Monazite-(Ce), Monticellite, Monzodiorite, Nealite, Neptunite, Niocalite, Nordite-(Ce), Pascoite, Patrónite, Penfieldite, Phenakite, Plattnerite, Pollucite, Pyrobelonite, Pyrochlore Group, Pyroclastic-rock, Pyroxmangite, Schäferite, Serandite, Spodumene, Stanleyite, Stolzite, Tapiolite-(Fe), Thorikosite, Titanite, Tweddillite, Vanalite, Villiaumite, Vuorelainenite, Watatsumiite, Wollastonite, Xenotime-(Y), Zinnwaldite, Zircon
Centinela, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Alleghanyite, Bixbyite-(Mn), Burpalite, Bustamite, Chevkinite-(Ce), Clino-ferro-suenoite, Clinozoisite, Cuspidine, Dalyite, Elpidite, Epidote, Eudialyte, Ferrokentbrooksite, Gatehouseite, Hollandite, Kentbrooksite, Latrappite, Laumontite, Loparite-(Ce), Lucasite-(Ce), Lueshite, Mozartite, Nabesite, Natrolite, Nenadkevichite, Phillipsite-Na, Poldervaartite, Pyrochlore Group, Pyromorphite, Pyrophanite, Reppiaite, Ronneburgite, Saneroite, Sazhinite-(Ce), Schäferite, Schubnelite, Sellaite, Serandite, Sincosite, Spodumene, Thorikosite, Titanite, Vanadinite, Wollastonite, Xenotime-(Y), Zircon, Zirconolite
La Mareta, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Ankerite, Ansermetite, Apatite, Baddeleyite, Bastnäsite, Berezanskite, Bertrandite, Bikitaite, Bixbyite-(Mn), Burbankite, Cookeite, Cryolite, Epididymite, Eudialyte, Eudidymite, Fairfieldite, Galaxite, Garmite, Griceite, Gugiaite, Hambergite, Helvine, Hewettite, Hollandite, Holmquistite, Kutnohorite, Lepidolite, Lintisite, Lithiotantite, Loparite-(Ce), Lorenzenite, Manganite, Mendigite, Minasragrite, Molybdenite, Monazite-(Ce), Montebrasite, Mosandrite-(Ce), Neptunite, Niocalite, Perrierite-(Ce), Perrierite-(La), Petalite, Piemontite, Pollucite, Polylithionite, Pyrochlore Group, Pyrophanite, Rhodonite, Ribbeite, Schüllerite, Sellaite, Serandite, Spodumene, Tainiolite, Titanite, Trona, Xenotime-(Y), Zircon
Mount Teide, La Orotava, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Analcime, Gonnardite, Natrolite
Los Abrigos, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Apatite, Babingtonite, Baddeleyite, Bixbyite-(Mn), Chevkinite-(Ce), Clinozoisite, Epidote, Fluorite, Ignimbritic tuff, Monazite-(Ce), Mosandrite-(Ce), Pyrochlore Group, Schüllerite, Titanite, Zircon
Los Blanquitos, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Adamsite-(Y), Alabandite, Analcime, Ankerite, Apatite, Bastnäsite, Bertrandite, Bixbyite-(Mn), Burbankite, Carpholite, Chevkinite-(Ce), Chiavennite, Coffinite, Colquiriite, Cryolite, Eudialyte, Eudidymite, Fluorite, Franciscanite, Galaxite, Gravegliaite, Griceite, Groutite, Gugiaite, Hainite-(Y), Hambergite, Kukharenkoite-(Ce), Loparite-(Ce), Marokite, Mendigite, Minasragrite, Niveolanite, Patrónite, Peatite-(Y), Phenakite, Pollucite, Pyrolusite, Pyrophanite, Pyroxferroite, Ranciéite, Reppiaite, Rhodochrosite, Thorianite, Thorite, Thorogummite, Tiragalloite, Tweddillite, Zircon, Zirconolite
Los Humilladeros, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Anglesite, Apatite, Astrophyllite, Bastnäsite-(Ce), Cassagnaite, Chevkinite-(Ce), Descloizite, Ferrokentbrooksite, Fervanite, Fiedlerite, Franciscanite, Galena, Grossular, Jacobsite, Janhaugite, Kentbrooksite, Kombatite, Loparite-(Ce), Magnesiocoulsonite, Medaite, Pascoite, Pyromorphite, Pyrophanite, Reppiaite, Ronneburgite, Saneroite, Schäferite, Schubnelite, Serandite, Sincosite, Thorikosite, Vanadinite, Wöhlerite, Zircon
Mount Pelada, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Aeschynite-(Y), Analcime, Apatite, Astrophyllite, Basalt, Bavenite, Behoite, Berborite, Cerite, Chabazite-Ca, Clinoptilolite-Ca, Clinoptilolite-Na, Fergusonite-(Y), Fersmanite, Götzenite, Gravegliaite, Gugiaite, Hambergite, Kutnohorite, Lamprophyllite, Niocalite, Phillipsite-Ca, Pyroclastic-rock, Sellaite, Syenite, Titanite, Tvedalite, Wadeite, Wöhlerite, Wollastonite, Zircon, Zirconolite
Mount Reventada, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Alflarsenite, Apatite, Burbankite, Cryolite, Fluorite, Griceite, Holmquistite, Loparite-(Ce), Lovdarite, Nabesite, Rinkite-(Ce), Sellaite
Palm Mar, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Gonnardite
Playa de Enramada, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Ancylite-(La), Anglesite, Apatite, Barylite, Bertrandite, Bixbyite-(Mn), Byrudite, Caryopilite, Chabazite-Na, Chevkinite-(Ce), Cookeite, Cotunnite, Coulsonite, Descloizite, Elbaite, Epistolite, Eudialyte, Fergusonite-(Y), Fernandinite, Galena, Hambergite, Hausmannite, Helvine, Heulandite-Na, Janhaugite, Labuntsovite-Mg, Latrappite, Loparite-(Ce), Lucasite-(Ce), Lueshite, Nabesite, Nenadkevichite, Pyrochlore Group, Sazhinite-(Ce), Sellaite, Spodumene, Titanite, Wollastonite, Xenotime-(Y), Zircon, Zirconolite
Playa de Paraiaso, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Ankerite, Caryopilite, Clinozoisite, Cryolite, Epidote, Leucophoenicite, Loparite-(Ce), Manganbabingtonite, Marsturite, Mendigite, Namansilite, Pyrolusite, Pyrophanite, Serandite, Villiaumite, Yofortierite, Zircon
Playa de San Juan, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Aeschynite-(Y), Almarudite, Astrophyllite, Babingtonite, Bastnäsite, Bavenite, Braunite, Burbankite, Chabazite-Ca, Chabazite-Na, Chiavennite, Churchite-(Y), Davanite, Emmerichite, Epididymite, Götzenite, Hambergite, Hollandite, Janhaugite, Loparite-(Ce), Lucasite-(Ce), Mendigite, Nabesite, Natrolite, Nepheline-syenite, Priderite, Pyrolusite, Pyrophanite, Rinkite-(Ce), Sellaite, Serandite, Shcherbakovite, Thomsonite-Ca, Titanite, Tsepinite-Ca, Vuonnemite, Xenotime-(Y), Yofortierite
Poris de Abona, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Alabandite, Allanite Group, Ancylite-(La), Apatite, Barylite, Berborite, Bertrandite, Burbankite, Cerussite, Cotunnite, Cryolite, Dalyite, Epididymite, Epistolite, Eudidymite, Galena, Gold, Gugiaite, Hambergite, Isolueshite, Jacobsite, Laurionite, Låvenite, Loparite-(Ce), Macedonite, Nabesite, Niocalite, Paralaurionite, Phosgenite, Plattnerite, Pyrochlore Group, Sabinaite, Saneroite, Sellaite, Titanite, Vanalite, Wöhlerite, Xenotime-(Y), Zircon
San Juan de la Rambla, San Juan de la Rambla, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Gonnardite, Natrolite
Santa Cruz, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Apatite, Eudialyte, Kentbrooksite, Loparite-(Ce), Normandite
Puerto de Santiago, Santiago del Teide, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Allanite Group, Analcime, Apatite, Baddeleyite, Bertrandite, Bixbyite-(Mn), Braunite, Burbankite, Chabazite-Ca, Chabazite-Na, Chiavennite, Clinoptilolite-Na, Clinozoisite, Davanite, Epididymite, Epidote, Epistolite, Götzenite, Hambergite, Heulandite-Na, Hollandite, Kutnohorite, Lamprophyllite, Loparite-(Ce), Nabesite, Namansilite, Natrolite, Perrierite-(La), Phillipsite-Ca, Phillipsite-Na, Pyrolusite, Serandite, Shcherbakovite, Stilbite-Ca, Stilbite-Na, Thomsonite-Ca, Tsepinite-Ca, Vuonnemite, Wöhlerite
Tajao, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Allanite Group, Apatite, Baddeleyite, Bastnäsite, Bavenite, Bikitaite, Bixbyite-(Mn), Burbankite, Caryopilite, Cassiterite, Chevkinite-(Ce), Chiavennite, Cordylite-(Ce), Elbaite, Emmerichite, Eudidymite, Gugiaite, Kentbrooksite, Kutnohorite, Latrappite, Lintisite, Loparite-(Ce), Mendigite, Montebrasite, Mosandrite-(Ce), Namansilite, Olmiite, Perrierite-(Ce), Peterandresenite, Pollucite, Polylithionite, Pyrochlore Group, Pyrophanite, Scheelite, Sellaite, Serandite, Tainiolite, Tephroite, Thorite, Titanite, Tvedalite, Zircon, Zirconolite
Vilaflor, Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province, Canary Islands, Spain Analcime


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