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Hydroxylapatite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About HydroxylapatiteHide

Formula:
Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
Colour:
White, grey, yellow, green, violet, purple, red or brown
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy, Earthy
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
3.10 - 3.21
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Name:
Named hydro-apatite in 1856 by Augustin Alexis Damour from the ἀπατάω (apatao), to deceive as Apatite was often confused with other minerals (e.g. Beryl, Milarite), plus the "hydro-" prefix for the water-rich (as hydroxyl) nature of the mineral. Waldemar Schaller changed the name slightly to hydroxyl-apatite in 1912 and the one-word, hydroxylapatit, was introduced by Burri, Jakob, Parker, and Hugo Strunz in 1935. Additional names applied to this mineral include: pyroclasite, ornithite, monite, etc. Much "carbonate-apatite" is hydroxylapatite, including some dahllite, collophane, etc.
Apatite Group. The hydroxyl analogue of fluorapatite (much more common) and chlorapatite (rare). The phosphate analogue of johnbaumite.

Hydroxylapatite is a very important biomineral: Carbonate-bearing calcium-deficient hydroxylapatite is the main mineral of which dental enamel and dentin are composed. Up to 50% by volume and 70% by weight of human bone is a modified form of hydroxylapatite, known as bone mineral (Wikipedia).

According to Chadefaux et al. (1999) some blue bones may comprise an apatite-group species with pentavalent manganese, confirmed to be present as MnO43- (manganate(V)) anion substituting for the PO43- one.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1992
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1992:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
d46a3419-351e-4537-94b0-7345a2ca28aa

IMA Classification of HydroxylapatiteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Ca5(PO4)3OH

Classification of HydroxylapatiteHide

8.BN.05

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
N : With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 0.33:1
41.8.1.3

41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
8 : A5(XO4)3Zq
19.4.2

19 : Phosphates
4 : Phosphates of Ca

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
HapIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
HapThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Pronunciation of HydroxylapatiteHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of HydroxylapatiteHide

Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy, Earthy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
White, grey, yellow, green, violet, purple, red or brown
Comment:
Ideally white; other colors usually due to staining
Streak:
White
Hardness:
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
Poor on {0001) and on {1010}
Fracture:
Conchoidal, Sub-Conchoidal, Fibrous
Density:
3.10 - 3.21 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.16 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Density may be lower when earthy in texture.

Optical Data of HydroxylapatiteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.651 nε = 1.644
Birefringence:
0.007
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.007
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Optical Extinction:
Parallel
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic

Chemistry of HydroxylapatiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Ca5(PO4)3(OH)

Crystallography of HydroxylapatiteHide

Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6/m - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P63/m
Setting:
P63/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.41 Å, c = 6.88 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.731
Unit Cell V:
527.59 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals short to long hexagonal prisms [0001], with {1010} and {1011} dominant; also thick tabular {0001}, frequently in the crystals of hydrothermal origin in pegmatites and veins, with {1010}, relatively large {0001}, and often also {1011} or low pyramids. Very sharp crystals are uncommon and terminations are frequently rounded. Massive, coarse granular to compact.
Twinning:
Rare contact twins on {1121}. Twin plane {10_13} rare. Also twinning reported on {1010} and {11_23}.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0001257HydroxylapatiteHughes J M, Cameron M, Crowley K D (1989) Structural variations in natural F, OH, and Cl apatites American Mineralogist 74 870-8761989Holly Springs, Georgia, USA0293
0001375HydroxylapatiteHughes J M, Cameron M, Mariano A N (1991) Rare-earth-element ordering and structural variations in natural rare-earth-bearing apatites sample B from the Oka carbonatite American Mineralogist 76 1165-117319910293
0002281HydroxylapatiteWilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-141419990293
0002282HydroxylapatiteWilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-141419990293
0002283HydroxylapatiteWilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-141419990293
0002284HydroxylapatiteWilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-141419990293
0002285HydroxylapatiteWilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-141419990293
0002286HydroxylapatiteWilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-141419990293
0002287HydroxylapatiteWilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-141419990293
0002288HydroxylapatiteWilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-141419990293
0002289HydroxylapatiteWilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-141419990293
0002290HydroxylapatiteWilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-141419990293
0002291HydroxylapatiteWilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-141419990293
0002292HydroxylapatiteWilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-141419990293
0002293HydroxylapatiteWilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-141419990293
0002294HydroxylapatiteWilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-141419990293
0002295HydroxylapatiteWilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-141419990293
0002296HydroxylapatiteWilson R M, Elliot J C, Dowker S E P (1999) Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic structure of human dental enamel apatites American Mineralogist 84 1406-141419990293
0003640HydroxylapatiteFleet M E, Liu X, King P L (2004) Accommodation of the carbonate ion in apatite: An FTIR and X-ray structure study of crystals synthesized at 2-4 GPa American Mineralogist 89 1422-143220040293
0003641HydroxylapatiteFleet M E, Liu X, King P L (2004) Accommodation of the carbonate ion in apatite: An FTIR and X-ray structure study of crystals synthesized at 2-4 GPa American Mineralogist 89 1422-143220040293
0004924HydroxylapatiteLee Y J, Stephens P W, Tang Y, Li W, Phillips B L, Parise J B, Reeder R J (2009) Arsenate substitution in hydroxylapatite: Structural characterization of the Ca5(PxAs1-xO4)3OH solid solution American Mineralogist 94 666-6752009synthetic0293
0004925HydroxylapatiteLee Y J, Stephens P W, Tang Y, Li W, Phillips B L, Parise J B, Reeder R J (2009) Arsenate substitution in hydroxylapatite: Structural characterization of the Ca5(PxAs1-xO4)3OH solid solution American Mineralogist 94 666-6752009synthetic0293
0004926HydroxylapatiteLee Y J, Stephens P W, Tang Y, Li W, Phillips B L, Parise J B, Reeder R J (2009) Arsenate substitution in hydroxylapatite: Structural characterization of the Ca5(PxAs1-xO4)3OH solid solution American Mineralogist 94 666-6752009synthetic0293
0004927HydroxylapatiteLee Y J, Stephens P W, Tang Y, Li W, Phillips B L, Parise J B, Reeder R J (2009) Arsenate substitution in hydroxylapatite: Structural characterization of the Ca5(PxAs1-xO4)3OH solid solution American Mineralogist 94 666-6752009synthetic0293
0009353HydroxylapatiteSudarsanan K, Young R A (1969) Significant precision in crystal structural details: Holly Springs hydroxyapatite Acta Crystallographica B25 1534-15431969Holly Springs, Cherokee County, Georgia, USA0293
0009354HydroxylapatiteSudarsanan K, Young R A (1969) Significant precision in crystal structural details: Holly Springs hydroxyapatite Acta Crystallographica B25 1534-15431969Holly Springs, Cherokee County, Georgia, USA0293
0009355HydroxylapatiteSudarsanan K, Young R A (1969) Significant precision in crystal structural details: Holly Springs hydroxyapatite Acta Crystallographica B25 1534-15431969Holly Springs, Cherokee County, Georgia, USA0293
0009356HydroxylapatiteSudarsanan K, Young R A (1969) Significant precision in crystal structural details: Holly Springs hydroxyapatite Acta Crystallographica B25 1534-15431969Holly Springs, Cherokee County, Georgia, USA0293
0018108HydroxylapatiteHendricks S, Jefferson M, Mosley V (1932) The Crystal Structures of Some Natural and Synthetic Apatite-Like Substances _cod_database_code 1011242 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 81 352-36919320293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.814 Å(100)
2.778 Å(60)
2.720 Å(60)
3.44 Å(40)
1.841 Å(40)
1.943 Å(30)
2.631 Å(25)
Comments:
synthetic (ICDD 9-432)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration4.566-4.550
6 : Secondary asteroid phases4.566-4.560
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
34 : Complex granite pegmatites
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)
Stage 6: Anoxic biosphere<4.0
44 : Anoxic microbially mediated minerals (see also #44)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates]
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere<0.6
49 : Oxic cellular biomineralization (see also #44)<0.54
52 : Guano- and urine-derived minerals<0.4
Geological Setting:
Abundant in sedimentary phosphate beds. Occasionally found in Talc-schist; in diallage-serpentine rock. May be be found in late-stage phosphate mineralization in granite pegmatites,

Synonyms of HydroxylapatiteHide

Other Language Names for HydroxylapatiteHide

Varieties of HydroxylapatiteHide

Alkali-oxyapatiteNa-bearing variety of Hydroxyapatite.
Carbonate-fluorhydroxyapatiteCarbonate- and F-bearing variety. F/OH ratio probably undetermined.
Carbonate-rich HydroxylapatiteApatite Group .

A
hydroxylapatite with carbonate group (CO3) substituting for some of the phosphate (PO4) group.

Originally reported from Ødegården Mine (Ødegaarden Mine), Ødegården field, Bamble, Telemark, Norway.

An important biomaterial: bone ...
Manganese-bearing Apatite-(CaOH)A variety of Hydroxylapatite containing Mn2+ substituting for Ca up to at least Mn:Ca = 1:7.7.
Ornithite'Dahllite' pseudomorphs after brushite. From guano.
Pyroclasite (of Shepard)A dark brown laminated concretionary hydroxylapatite.

Relationship of Hydroxylapatite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
AlforsiteBa5(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ChlorapatiteCa5(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
FluoralforsiteBa5(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P6/m
FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
FluorpyromorphitePb5(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
HydroxylpyromorphitePb5(PO4)3(OH)Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mcm
JohnbaumiteCa5(AsO4)3(OH)Hex. 6/m : P63/m
MimetitePb5(AsO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
OxypyromorphitePb10(PO4)6O
PieczkaiteMn5(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
PliniusiteCa5(VO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
StronadelphiteSr5(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
SvabiteCa5(AsO4)3FHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
TurneaureiteCa5(AsO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
Unnamed (OH-analogue of Mimetite)Pb5(AsO4)3(OH)Hex. 6/m : P63/m
VanadinitePb5(VO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
Forms a series with:

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
68 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
40 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with QuartzSiO2
35 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
26 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
23 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with HemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
23 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with TarbuttiteZn2(PO4)(OH)
20 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with MesseliteCa2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O
17 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with MitridatiteCa2Fe3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
15 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with WhitlockiteCa9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH)
12 photos of Hydroxylapatite associated with EosphoriteMn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

8.BN.AraditeBaCa6[(SiO4)(VO4)](VO4)2FTrig. 3m : R3m
8.BN.MagganasiteCuFe3+3O(AsO4)3Tric. 1 : P1
8.BN.FluorpyromorphitePb5(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.FluorsigaiiteCa2Sr3(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.FluoralforsiteBa5(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P6/m
8.BN.05AlforsiteBa5(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05Belovite-(Ce)NaCeSr3(PO4)3FTrig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05ChlorapatiteCa5(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05Mimetite-MPb5(AsO4)3ClMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.BN.05Johnbaumite-MCa5(AsO4)3OHMon. 2/m : P21/m
8.BN.05FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05HedyphaneCa2Pb3(AsO4)3ClHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
8.BN.05JohnbaumiteCa5(AsO4)3(OH)Hex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05MimetitePb5(AsO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05MorelanditeCa2Ba3(AsO4)3ClHex.
8.BN.05OxypyromorphitePb10(PO4)6O
8.BN.05PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05FluorstrophiteSrCaSr3(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05SvabiteCa5(AsO4)3FHex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
8.BN.05TurneaureiteCa5(AsO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05VanadinitePb5(VO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05Belovite-(La)NaLaSr3(PO4)3FTrig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05Deloneite(Na0.5REE0.25Ca0.25)(Ca0.75REE0.25)Sr1.5(CaNa0.25REE0.25)(PO4)3F0.5(OH)0.5Trig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05FluorcaphiteSrCaCa3(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05 vaGermanate-pyromorphitePb5(PO4)2GeO4
8.BN.05Kuannersuite-(Ce)NaCeBa3(PO4)3F0.5Cl0.5Trig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05Hydroxylapatite-MCa5(PO4)3OHMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.BN.05PhosphohedyphaneCa2Pb3(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05HydroxylpyromorphitePb5(PO4)3(OH)Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mcm
8.BN.05StronadelphiteSr5(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05FluorphosphohedyphaneCa2Pb3(PO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05Carlgieseckeite-(Nd)NaNdCa3(PO4)3FTrig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05VanackeritePb4Cd(AsO4)3ClTrig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05Miyahisaite(Sr,Ca)2Ba3(PO4)3F Hex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05Unnamed (OH-analogue of Mimetite)Pb5(AsO4)3(OH)Hex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05PieczkaiteMn5(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05HydroxylhedyphaneCa2Pb3(AsO4)3(OH)Trig. 3 : P3
8.BN.05PliniusiteCa5(VO4)3FHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.05ParafiniukiteCa2Mn3(PO4)3ClHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.BN.10ArctiteNa2Ca4(PO4)3FTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
8.BN.15GoryainoviteCa2(PO4)ClOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm

Fluorescence of HydroxylapatiteHide

Not usually fluorescent.

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Soluble in HCl or in HNO3. Varieties containing CO3 may dissolve with slight effervescence.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Ore of phosphorus.

Internet Links for HydroxylapatiteHide

References for HydroxylapatiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for HydroxylapatiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Anguilla
 
Frondel (1943)
Antarctica
 
  • Western Antarctica
Barczuk A. & Tatur A. 2003: BIOGENIC ...
      • South Shetland Islands
        • King George Island
Tatjir et al. (1984)
Tatur et al. (1985)
Argentina
 
Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collection
    • Villa Gesell
      • Villa Gesell
Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collection.
  • Mendoza Province
    • Las Heras Department
      • Capdevilla District
Pagano et al. (2016) +2 other references
    • Malargüe Department
      • Malargüe District
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Benedetto et al. (1998)
  • San Luis Province
    • Chacabuco Department
      • Sierra de la Estanzuela
Galliski et al. (2012)
Galliski et al. (2012)
    • Coronel Pringles Department
      • El Trapiche
        • La Florida
OYARZABAL et al. (H2O)
      • Totoral pegmatitic field
OYARZABAL et al. (H2O) +1 other reference
Linares +1 other reference
    • Trancas Department
      • Trancas
Linares
Australia
 
  • Australian Capital Territory
    • Paddy's River District
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] McQueen et al. (1988)
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Trueman (1966)
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Frisia et al. (2012)
  • New South Wales
    • Buckland Co.
England (2002)
    • Kennedy Co.
      • Goonumbla
        • Northparkes Mine Project
Crane et al. (2001)
    • Westmoreland Co.
Podgson RE
  • Queensland
    • Cloncurry Shire
      • Cloncurry
Crane et al. (2001)
      • Phosphate Hill
  • South Australia
    • Mt Lofty Ranges
      • North Mt Lofty Ranges
        • Barossa Valley
          • Penrice
Francis et al. (2012)
        • Kapunda
Frost et al. (2004)
        • Robertstown
Francis et al. (2012)
      • South Mt Lofty Ranges (Adelaide Hills)
        • Mount Barker
          • Nairne
Graham (1978)
    • Roxby Downs
Lottermoser B. G. (1995)
  • Tasmania
    • Bass Strait
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] www.crocoite.com (2003)
    • Central Highlands municipality
      • Liawenee
Bottrill et al. (2008)
    • Dorset municipality
      • Waterhouse district
Everard
    • West Tamar municipality
      • Beaconsfield district
R Botttrill
  • Victoria
    • Bass Coast Shire
      • Phillip Island
        • Kitty Miller Bay
    • Mornington Peninsula Shire
  • Western Australia
    • Dundas Shire
      • Cocklebiddy Roadhouse
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Guano Minerals from Murra-el-Elevyn ... +3 other references
    • East Pilbara Shire
      • Rudall River District
Downes et al. (2002)
    • Meekatharra Shire
      • Milgun Station
Mineralogical Magazine 39 (1974) +1 other reference
Austria
 
  • Burgenland
    • Neusiedl am See District
      • Illmitz
A.Csaplovics (2014)
A.Csaplovics (2014)
      • Sankt Andrä am Zicksee
A.Csaplovics (2014)
    • Oberwart District
      • Badersdorf
Götzinger et al. (2009)
  • Carinthia
    • Wolfsberg District
      • Frantschach-Sankt Gertraud
        • Brandrücken
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] W. Postl et al. (1990)
  • Lower Austria
    • Bruck an der Leitha District
      • Bad Deutsch-Altenburg
        • Pfaffenberg hill
Niedermayr et al. (1974)
    • Horn District
      • Brunn an der Wild
        • Dietmannsdorf an der Wild
Kolitsch (2019)
    • Krems-Land District
      • Albrechtsberg an der Großen Krems
Kolitsch (2022)
    • Melk District
      • Pöchlarn
Knobloch et al. (2021)
    • Sankt Pölten-Land District
      • Karlstetten
        • Rosenthal
Kolitsch et al. (2023)
  • Salzburg
    • St. Johann im Pongau District
      • Bad Hofgastein
Kolitsch et al. (2019)
  • Styria
    • Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District
      • Krieglach
        • Freßnitzgraben
          • Alpl
    • Murau District
      • Stadl-Predlitz
Bojar (2019)
  • Vorarlberg
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Exel (1993)
Bahamas
 
  • San Salvador District
    • San Salvador Island
Onac B.P. et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Onac et al. (2001)
Belgium
 
  • Flanders
    • Antwerp
      • Antwerp
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Hatert et al. (2002)
Bolivia
 
  • Potosí
    • Tomás Frías Province
      • Yocalla Municipality
        • Cerro Huañaquina
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Alfredo Petrov (1997)
www.mindat.org (n.d.)
  • Santa Cruz
    • Velasco Province
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Woolley (1987)
Brazil
 
  • Minas Gerais
    • Conselheiro Pena
      • Barra do Cuieté
Baijot et al. (2014)
      • Ferruginha
fabreminerals +1 other reference
    • Divino das Laranjeiras
      • Linópolis
Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-2865 (Id: based on dealer label + visual])
    • Ouro Preto
    • Tapira
Orris et al. (2002)
  • Pernambuco
    • São Pedro e São Paulo archipelago
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Washington (1929)
  • Rio Grande do Sul
    • Lavras do Sul
Anzolin et al. (2019)
  • São Paulo
    • Cajati
Oliveira et al. (2020)
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Greenwood Mining Division
      • Grand Forks
Richard Gunter Collection
    • Omineca Mining Division
      • Francois Lake
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] www.connectionsmagazine.bc.ca (2002)
  • Northwest Territories
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Chakhmouradian et al. (2002)
    • Mackenzie Mountains
      • Tungsten
Groat et al. (2003)
  • Nova Scotia
    • Annapolis Co.
Chatterjee et al. (1982)
  • Ontario
    • Haliburton County
      • Highlands East Township
        • Cardiff Township
C. Emproto
C. Emproto
    • Hastings County
      • Faraday Township
C. Emproto
    • Kenora District
      • Victor mine
van Straaten et al. (2008)
  • Québec
    • Estrie
      • Les Sources RCM
        • Val-des-Sources
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Normand (2001)
    • Nord-du-Québec
      • Nunavik
Petrella (2013)
  • Yukon
    • Dawson mining district
Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data of ...
      • Rapid Creek
        • Stoneman Camp
Yang et al. (2022)
    • Watson Lake mining district
      • True Blue property (Shark property)
in International Workshop on the ... +1 other reference
Chile
 
  • Atacama
    • Copiapó Province
      • Tierra Amarilla
        • Pabellón
          • Chinchado-Sacramento mining district
Yang et al. (2018)
  • Tarapacá
    • Iquique Province
      • Alto Hospicio
        • Huantajaya mining district
SEM-EDS and XRD by Joy Desor and ...
      • Chanabaya
SEM-EDS by Joy Desor
China
 
  • Fujian
    • Nanping
      • Yanping District
        • Nanping pegmatite field
Can Rao et al. (2009) +2 other references
  • Guangxi
Xunyi Wang (1982)
  • Guizhou
    • Liupanshui
      • Pan County
Min et al. (2023)
  • Hebei
    • Xingtai
      • Xingtai Co.
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Zhengmin Cao and Weijiong Zhu (1993)
  • Heilongjiang
    • Yichun
      • Tieli City
Xu et al. (2022)
  • Shaanxi
    • Hanzhong
      • Hantai District
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Hein et al. (1999)
  • Sichuan
    • Garzê Autonomous Prefecture (Ganzi Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Kangding County
        • Kangding pegmatite field
          • Jiajika Mine
Wang et al. (2022)
    • Liangshan Yi
      • Mianning County
Ge X. et al. (2017)
Cuba
 
  • Holguín Province
Urbani (Federación Espeleológica de América Latina y el Caribe-FEALC-)
Czech Republic
 
  • Hradec Králové Region
    • Trutnov District
      • Radvanice
Jirásek (2001)
  • Karlovy Vary Region
    • Cheb District
      • Lázně Kynžvart
Černý et al. (Weisser Stein)
      • Ovesné Kladruby
Ulrych
  • Olomouc Region
    • Jeseník District
      • Javorník
        • Horní Hoštice
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Pauliš
  • Plzeň Region
    • Domažlice District
      • Otov
Masau +2 other references
    • Tachov District
      • Zadní Chodov
Havelcová et al. (2020)
DR Congo
 
  • South Kivu
    • Mwenga Territory
Mills et al. (2010)
Egypt
 
  • New Valley Governorate
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A
Ethiopia
 
  • Somali Region
    • Kunama
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Tribolo et al. (2017)
  • Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region
    • Lower Omo Valley
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] American Mineralogist
Europe
 
Berbain et al. (2012)
  • Bohemian Massif
    • Moldanubian Zone (Moldanubicum; Moldanubian)
Zelinková et al. (2022)
Finland
 
  • Kanta-Häme
    • Tammela
Ilkka Mikkola collection
  • Pirkanmaa
    • Orivesi
      • Eräjärvi area
Ilkka Mikkola collection
    • Valkeakoski
Jyrki Autio collection. Pavel M. ...
  • South Ostrobothnia
    • Kuortane
Ilkka Mikkola collection
    • Seinäjoki
Ilkka Mikkola collection. Pavel ...
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Allier
      • Vichy
        • Échassières
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] G. Aubert : "Les coupoles granitiques de Montebras et d'Echassières (Massif Central Français)
          • Montmins mining district
            • Le Mazet
Yannick Vessely collection
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Aubert (1969)
    • Drôme
      • Nyons
        • Clansayes
          • L'Eause
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Ref.: G. Demarcq
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] G. Demarcq
    • Haute-Loire
      • Le Puy-en-Velay
        • Espaly-Saint-Marcel
collected Charles Nicolas
  • Brittany
    • Finistère
      • Quimper
        • Landrévarzec
Chauris (2014)
  • Centre-Val de Loire
    • Loiret
      • Montargis
        • Gien
Périnet (n.d.)
  • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
    • Corrèze
      • Ussel
        • Davignac
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] M.Deliens et al. (2004)
    • Dordogne
      • Sarlat-la-Canéda
        • Cénac-et-Saint-Julien
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Karkanas et al. (2002)
    • Pyrénées-Atlantiques
      • Bayonne
        • Isturits
Prieto et al. (2015) +1 other reference
  • Occitanie
    • Ariège
      • Foix
Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ...
    • Pyrénées-Orientales
      • Céret
        • Argelès-sur-Mer
Berbain et al. (2012)
        • Collioure
Berbain et al. (2012)
      • Perpignan
        • Tautavel
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Quattropani et al. (1999)
    • Tarn-et-Garonne
      • Montauban
        • Orgueil
Gounelle et al. (2014)
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
      • Castellane
        • Saint-Benoît
Audra et al. (2019)
    • Alpes-Maritimes
      • Grasse
        • Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne
Audra et al. (2019)
      • Nice
        • Malaussène
Audra et al. (2019)
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
        • Vogtsburg im Kaiserstuhl
          • Schelingen
Giebel et al. (2019)
      • Lörrach
        • Fröhnd
Gröbner (2017)
        • Malsburg-Marzell
70. +1 other reference
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Franconia
      • Aschaffenburg District
        • Waldaschaff
Lorenz et al. (2007)
    • Upper Franconia
      • Hof District
        • Sparneck
          • Reinersreuth
Wittern (2001)
      • Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge
        • Kirchenlamitz
Wittern (2001)
        • Weißenstadt
          • Rudolfstein
Wittern (2001)
  • Hesse
    • Darmstadt
      • Bergstraße
        • Lautertal (Odenwald)
          • Reichenbach
            • Borstein
Collection of Steffen Michalski
            • Hohenstein
Lapis (10)
    • Giessen Region
      • Lahn-Dill-Kreis
        • Lahnau
          • Waldgirmes
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Weiß (1990)
    • Kassel Region
      • Fulda
        • Neuhof
          • Giesel
Weiß (1990)
Krah et al. (1988)
    • Wiesbaden
      • Naurod
        • Erbsenacker
www.mineralienatlas.de (2005)
  • Lower Saxony
    • Goslar District
      • Bad Harzburg
        • Radau valley
Schnorrer et al. (1993)
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Arnsberg
      • Hochsauerlandkreis
        • Arnsberg
          • Hüsten
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Weiß (1990)
      • Siegen-Wittgenstein
        • Siegen
          • Niederschelden
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Schnorrer (1995) +1 other reference
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Ahrweiler
      • Brohltal
        • Brenk
Blaß et al. (2015)
    • Mayen-Koblenz
      • Mayen
        • Seekante
Skrzyńska et al. (2023)
      • Mendig
        • Mendig
in the collection of Christof Schäfer
      • Vordereifel
        • Ettringen
Schäfer (2016)
in the collection of Christof Schäfer
    • Neuwied
      • Unkel
        • Rheinbreitbach
Weiss: "Mineralienfundstellen et al. (Munich)
    • Vulkaneifel
      • Gerolstein
        • Walsdorf
Hohn et al. (2015)
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
      • Ehrenfriedersdorf
Wittern (2001)
      • Schneeberg
        • Neustädtel
          • Wolfgangmaßen
            • Wolfgangmaßen mines (Wolfgangmaaßen mines)
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Lapis 30 (7/8)
  • Schleswig-Holstein
    • Pinneberg
      • Barmstedt
Wittern (2001)
  • Thuringia
    • Nordhausen District
      • Harztor
        • Ilfeld
J. Gröbner (2011)
Greece
 
  • Central Macedonia
    • Chalkidiki
      • Aristotelis
        • Kassandra mining district
Economou-Eliopoulos et al. (2005)
  • Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
    • Rhodope
      • Arriana
Kanellopoulos et al. (2024)
  • South Aegean
    • Thira
      • Santorini Island
Sotiropoulou et al. (2010)
  • Thessaly
    • Larissa
      • Elassona
M.G. Stamatakis (2001)
Chrysovalantis Efstathiou
Greenland
 
  • Kujalleq
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Petersen (2001)
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Bøggild (1953)
      • Tunulliarfik Fjord
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Bøggild (1953)
  • Sermersooq
    • Kangerlussuaq Fjord
Petersen et al. (1985)
Hungary
 
  • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
    • Edelény District
      • Bódvarákó
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Sándor et al. (1997)
    • Putnok District
      • Aggtelek
Audra et al. (2019)
  • Veszprém County
    • Ajka District
      • Úrkút
        • Csárda Hill
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Szakáll et al. (1996) +1 other reference
India
 
  • Andhra Pradesh
    • Vizianagaram District
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Rao +1 other reference
Indian Ocean
 
Maciąg et al. (2019)
Indonesia
 
  • Central Java Province
    • Kebumen Regency
      • Kebumen
        • Karang Bolong Mountains
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Färber (n.d.)
Iran
 
  • West Azerbaijan Province
    • Takab County
Asadi et al. (2000)
Israel
 
  • Haifa District
    • Hof HaCarmel
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Weiner et al. (1993)
Italy
 
  • Abruzzo
    • Chieti Province
      • Taranta Peligna
D'Angeli et al. (2018)
D'Angeli et al. (2018)
  • Aosta Valley
    • Courmayeur
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Piccoli et al. (2007)
    • Montjovet
Cotta Ramusino et al. (1973) +1 other reference
    • Nus
      • Saint-Barthélemy
• Barresi et al. (2005)
  • Apulia
    • Brindisi Province
      • Fasano
Dell'Anna et al. (1989)
    • Metropolitan City of Bari
      • Acquaviva delle Fonti
Dell'Anna et al. (1989)
      • Altamura
Dell'Anna et al. (1989)
      • Castellana Grotte
Balenzano et al. (1974)
      • Polignano a Mare
Dell'Anna et al. (1989)
    • Taranto Province
      • Martina Franca
Dell'Anna et al. (1989)
Dell'Anna et al. (1989)
Dell'Anna et al. (1989)
Dell'Anna et al. (1989)
  • Basilicata
    • Potenza Province
      • Rionero in Vulture
Stoppa et al. (1995)
  • Calabria
    • Cosenza Province
      • Sant'Agata di Esaro
Garavelli et al. (2012)
  • Campania
    • Naples
      • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
        • Mount Somma
          • Sant'Anastasia
Russo et al. (2004) +1 other reference
    • Salerno
      • Pertosa
Audra et al. (2019)
  • Emilia-Romagna
    • Metropolitan City of Bologna
      • Vergato
        • Riola
          • Monte Cavalloro
Capellini (1877) +1 other reference
  • Friuli Venezia Giulia
    • Gorizia Province
      • Sagrado
        • San Martino del Carso
Cancian (1984)
  • Lazio
    • Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
      • Campagnano di Roma
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Cozzupoli et al. (1976) +1 other reference
Stoppa et al. (2019)
    • Viterbo Province
      • Onano
forum.amiminerals.it (n.d.)
      • Vetralla
Pierini (2004)
  • Liguria
    • Savona Province
      • Urbe
        • Vara
Antofilli
  • Lombardy
    • Lecco Province
      • Colico
        • Piona Peninsula
Banti et al. (2011) +1 other reference
    • Sondrio Province
      • Lanzada
Bedognè et al. (1993)
      • Valfurva
        • Zebrù Valley
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Bedognè et al. (2006)
  • Piedmont
    • Cuneo Province
      • Valdieri
        • Terme di Valdieri
          • Valscura lakes area
Pratesi et al. (2003)
    • Metropolitan City of Turin
      • Ala di Stura
Maletto et al. (2014)
40 (Part II) +3 other references
      • Balme
Repossi (1919) +4 other references
Maletto et al. (2014)
      • Traversella
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Piccoli et al. (2007)
    • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
      • Baceno
Palache et al. (1951)
Palache et al. (1951)
      • Beura-Cardezza
Piccoli et al. (2007)
      • Craveggia
        • Rio Vasca
Piccoli et al. (2007)
      • Crodo
Sartori et al. (2012)
      • Druogno
        • Orcesco
Matteo Chineletto
  • Sardinia
    • Metropolitan City of Cagliari
      • Sarroch
Orlandi et al. (2013) +1 other reference
    • South Sardinia Province
      • Carbonia
        • Barbusi
Baldoni et al. (2013) +2 other references
Fernando Caboni et al. (2024)
Fernando Caboni et al. (2024)
  • Sicily
    • Agrigento Province
      • Montevago
Audra et al. (2019)
      • Sambuca di Sicilia
Audra et al. (2019)
      • San Giovanni Gemini
Vattano M. et al. (2013)
    • Metropolitan City of Catania
      • Biancavilla
Analized by Marco Ciriotti
    • Metropolitan City of Palermo
      • Carini
Audra et al. (2019)
    • Syracuse Province
      • Buscemi
Manuella (2011)
      • Melilli
Audra et al. (2019)
Audra et al. (2019)
    • Trapani Province
      • Castellammare del Golfo
Vattano M. et al. (2013) +1 other reference
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Messana E. (1994)
  • Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol)
    • Trento Province (Trentino)
      • Canal San Bovo
        • Vanoi Valley
          • Pralongo
Ferretti et al. (2015)
      • Predazzo
Vecchi et al. (2013)
  • Tuscany
    • Livorno Province
      • Campiglia Marittima
        • Botro ai Marmi
Biagioni et al. (2013)
      • Collesalvetti
Bonifazi (2020) +1 other reference
    • Metropolitan City of Florence
      • Impruneta
Batacchi et al. (2015)
  • Umbria
    • Perugia Province
      • Sigillo
        • Monte Cucco
D'Angeli et al. (2018)
D'Angeli et al. (2018)
    • Terni Province
F. Stoppa and Y. Liu
  • Veneto
    • Vicenza Province
      • Montecchio Maggiore
        • San Pietro
"Minerali del Vicentino - La natrolite" ...
Boscardin et al. (2011)
      • Valdagno
        • Novale
          • Contrada Rossati di Sotto
Zaccaria et al. (2021)
Japan
 
  • Fukushima Prefecture
    • Koriyama City
Banno Y et al. (2014)
  • Okinawa Prefecture
    • Shimajiri District
      • Daito Islands
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
Jordan
 
  • Amman Governorate
    • Transjordan Plateau
      • Daba-Siwaqa complex
Pitty et al. (2010)
  • Irbid Governorate
    • Maqarin area
Khoury et al. (1985)
Kazakhstan
 
  • Abai Region
    • Semey
Bissatova et al. (2021)
Kenya
 
  • Homa Bay County
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A +5 other references
Latvia
 
  • Vidzeme Region
    • Cēsis Municipality
      • Liepa Parish
Dmitry Vorobjov's collection
Malta
 
  • Northern Region
    • Mellieħa
      • Marfa Ridge
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] John et al. (2003)
Mexico
 
  • Chihuahua
    • Aldama Municipality
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Cross (2006)
  • Durango
    • Durango Municipality
      • Victoria de Durango
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite]
    • Mapimí Municipality
      • Mapimí
Don Belsher collection photos on ...
  • Nuevo León
    • General Zaragoza Municipality
Chadefaux et al. (2009)
Mongolia
 
  • Khovd Province
    • Myangad District
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference
  • Ömnögovi Province
    • Shara Hulasa Hiid
Geological Society of America Abstracts ... +1 other reference
Morocco
 
  • Marrakesh-Safi Region
    • Rehamna Province
      • Sidi Bou Othmane Cercle
        • Jebilet Mtn (Djebilet Mtn)
          • Sidi Bou Othmane
Favreau (2012)
Namibia
 
  • Erongo Region
    • Karibib Constituency
von Bezing (2007)
  • Khomas Region
    • Windhoek Rural
      • Aris
... +1 other reference
      • Gamsberg area
von Bezing (2007)
Baturin et al. (2003)
  • Oshikoto Region
    • Tsumeb
New Mineral Names. Mineral News et al. (January 2012)
  • Otjozondjupa Region
    • Otavi Constituency
      • Kombat
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite]
  • ǁKaras Region
    • Oranjemund Constituency
      • Rosh Pinah
Jordi Fabre photo ID 654901
Netherlands
 
  • Curaçao
Färber (n.d.) +1 other reference
  • Limburg
    • Brunssum
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] T.G. Nijland
    • Eijsden-Margraten
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] T.G. Nijland
    • Maastricht
      • Pietersberg
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] T.G. Nijland
    • Stein
      • Elsloo
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] T.G. Nijland
    • Valkenburg aan de Geul
      • Ravensbos forest
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] T.G. Nijland
  • Overijssel
    • Dinkelland
      • Nutter
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] T.G. Nijland
      • Ootmarsum
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] T.G. Nijland
        • Kuiperberg
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] T.G. Nijland
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Nijland et al. (2007)
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] T.G. Nijland
New Zealand
 
  • Otago Region
    • Queenstown-Lakes District
      • Queenstown
Hutton
  • Southland Region
    • Southland District
      • Stewart Island
Lilley
North Macedonia
 
  • Čaška Municipality
    • Nežilovo
Ermolaeva et al. (2019)
  • Lipkovo Municipality
Đorđević et al. (2017)
Norway
 
  • Buskerud
    • Modum
      • Snarum
Nordrum et al. (2010)
Raade (1999)
  • Innlandet
    • Sel
      • Otta
Nordrum et al. (2010)
  • Nordland
    • Rana
      • Altermark area
Nordrum et al. (2010)
  • Telemark
    • Bamble
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] - (Science 155, 1977, 1409) +1 other reference
Nordrum et al. (2010)
Knut Edvard Larsen (2023)
Uwe Kolitsch and Knut Edvard Larsen (visit to locality)
      • Valberg
Nordrum (2008)
  • Trøndelag
    • Steinkjer
      • Sparbu
Mortenson (1973) +1 other reference
  • Viken
    • Lunner
      • Grua
        • Grua mining district
Larsen et al. (2013)
Papua New Guinea
 
  • New Ireland Province
    • Lihir Island area
Renno et al. (2004)
Philippines
 
  • Visayas
    • Western Visayas Region
      • Palawan Province
        • Palawan Island
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Choa et al. (2014)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Dzierżoniów County
      • Piława Górna
        • DSS Piława Górna Quarry
Pieczka et al. (2015) +2 other references
    • Świdnica County
      • Gmina Świdnica
Włodek et al. (2015)
        • Michałkowa pegmatites
Pieczka et al. (2015)
    • Ząbkowice Śląskie County
      • Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie
        • Szklary
Pieczka A. 2007: Beusite and an unusual ... +1 other reference
  • Silesian Voivodeship
    • Katowice
      • Wełnowiec-Józefowiec
Pierwoła
Portugal
 
  • Castelo Branco
    • Idanha-a-Nova
      • União de Freg de Segura e Zebreira
Neiva et al. (2000) +1 other reference
  • Guarda
    • Gouveia
      • Folgosinho
Alves et al. (2012)
Romania
 
  • Bihor County
    • Nucet
      • Băiţa mining district
Onac et al. (2002)
Onac et al. (2002)
  • Bistrița-Năsăud County
Tamas et al. (2003) +1 other reference
al României (2003)
  • Caraş-Severin County
    • Locva Mountains (Locvei Mountains)
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Onac et al. (2007)
  • Constanța County
Dumitras D et al. (2004)
  • Gorj County
    • Polovragi
Marincea et al. (2006)
  • Hunedoara County
    • Boșorod
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] D. Dumitras (2000) +1 other reference
    • Domogled - Cernei Valley National Park
Onac (2009)
B. Onac et al (2009, July)
B. Onac et al (2009, July)
  • Maramureș County
    • Șomcuta Mare
Neacșu Antonela (2007)
  • Mehedinti County
    • Balta
Dumitraş et al. (2006)
    • Dubova
Marincea et al. (2004) +1 other reference
  • Sălaj County
    • Ileanda
      • Răstoci
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Onac et al. (2003)
Tudor Tămaș (2010)
Russia
 
  • Altai Krai
Sokol et al. (2022)
  • Buryatia
    • Severo-Baykalsky District
      • Dovyren Highlands
Galuskin (2007)
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Chebarkulsky District
      • Zauralovo
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    • Ilmen Mountains
Makagonov et al. (2023)
    • Karabash
      • Karabash ophiolite massif
        • Soimon Valley
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Murzin et al. (2013)
    • Kaslinsky District
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] N.A. Grigoriev et al. (2)
    • Miass
Sorokina et al. (2019)
    • Plastovsky District
      • Svetlyi
Local geolofist S.V.Kolesnichenko data
    • Vishnevye Mountains
webmineral.ru (2016)
  • Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
    • Anadyrsky District
Savva et al. (2012)
    • Chaunskii District (Chaun)
Bortnikov et al. (2004)
Volkov et al. (2011)
    • Okhotsk-Chukotka belt
Глухов et al. (2021)
  • Irkutsk Oblast
    • Narin-Kunta
Lazic et al. (2011)
  • Khabarovsk Krai
AA et al. (2021)
    • Ayan-Maya district
Lennikov et al. (2004)
  • Krasnoyarsk Krai
    • Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug
      • Taimyr Peninsula
        • Putoran Plateau
          • Noril'sk
            • Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit
Barkov et al. (2021)
  • Moscow Oblast
    • Voskresensky District
Kalinina et al. (2023)
  • Murmansk Oblast
Chakhmouradian et al. (2002)
    • Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex)
Sushchenko et al. (2023)
    • Khibiny Massif
PEKOV et al. (2013)
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Pekov et al. (2004)
Cámara et al. (2013) +1 other reference
    • Kovdorsky District
Subbotin et al. (1998) +5 other references
Mikhailova et al. (2015)
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] ...
Mokrushina et al. (2023)
    • Northern Karelia
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Zaitsev et al. (2004)
    • Pechengsky District
      • Pechenga Ni-Cu ore field
Kompanchenko et al. (2019)
  • Republic of Karelia
    • Pitkyaranta mining district (Pitkäranta mining district)
      • Salmi
Svetova et al. (2023)
[World of Stones 12:49]
    • Abyysky District
Trunilina et al. (2021)
    • Anabar River basin
Gerasimov (2023)
    • Oymyakonsky District
Fridovsky et al. (2018)
    • Polar Yakutia
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    • Yakutsk
Shen et al. (2021)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Serovsky District
      • Turya river
        • Tur'insk
Kasatkin et al. (2018) +1 other reference
    • Yekaterinburg
      • Shabry village
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
  • Tuva
Sharygin et al. (2017)
  • Zabaykalsky Krai
    • Tungokochensky District
      • Vershino-Darasunskiy
Prokof'ev et al. (2004)
Saudi Arabia
 
  • Mecca Region
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Saudi Geological Survey Open-File ... +1 other reference
Seychelles
 
Gorshkov et al. (2000)
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Brezno District
      • Brezno
Ozdín D. (Dissertation thesis)
    • Revúca District
Bačík +10 other references
  • Košice Region
    • Rožňava District
      • Hrušov
Cílek V.
      • Kečovo
Kettner (1948) +2 other references
      • Ochtiná
Cílek V.
  • Prešov Region
    • Prešov District
      • Vyšná Šebastová
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Povondra P.
South Africa
 
  • Limpopo
    • Waterberg District Municipality
      • Mogalakwena Local Municipality
        • Mogalakwena
          • Mokopane
Hutchinson et al. (2005)
  • Northern Cape
Mineralogical Magazine (1997)
  • Western Cape
    • West Coast District Municipality
      • Cederberg Local Municipality
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Miller et al. (2013)
Miller et al. (2016)
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Almería
      • Carboneras
Carrillo-Rosúa et al. (2021)
    • Córdoba
      • Belalcázar
MineralUp (Revista de Minerales) +1 other reference
    • Jaén
      • Pozo Alcón
José Miguel Sola. Multiple methods
  • Balearic Islands
B. Onac et al (2009)
      • Inca
Onac et al. (2005)
      • Llucmajor
Merino et al. (2019)
Onac et al. (2005)
      • Manacor
Onac et al. (2005)
      • Santanyí
Onac et al. (2005)
  • Castile-La Mancha
    • Ciudad Real
      • Bolaños de Calatrava
Calvo et al. (2013)
Calvo et al. (2013)
      • Ciudad Real
Calvo et al. (2013)
  • Catalonia
    • Barcelona
      • Baix Llobregat
        • Gavà
          • Bruguers
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Christoph Boutry and Rui Nunes specimens
      • Barcelonès
        • Barcelona city
          • Collserola mountain range
Moro et al. (2000)
Calvo Rebollar (2015)
      • Vallès Occidental
        • Montcada i Reixac
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Rosell et al. (2006)
    • Lleida
      • Cerdanya
        • Bellver de Cerdanya
Rosell (2014)
  • Extremadura
    • Cáceres
      • Logrosán
...
  • Galicia
    • Pontevedra
Roza Llera +3 other references
  • Valencian Community
    • Alicante
      • Aspe
Benavente +2 other references
Sri Lanka
 
  • North Central Province
    • Anuradhapura District
Dahanayake (1988)
Sweden
 
  • Norrbotten County
    • Kiruna
      • Kiruna Town Mining District
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Flink (Sthlm 1924, in Swedish)
  • Värmland County
    • Torsby
Grensman (1989)
  • Västerbotten County
    • Skellefteå
Wickman (1954)
  • Västernorrland County
    • Sundsvall
      • Alnö Complex
        • Ås
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Eckermann (1948)
Switzerland
 
  • Grisons
    • Maloja Region
      • Sils im Engadin/Segl
Monistier (2009)
  • Ticino
    • Locarno
Vignola et al. (2008)
      • Centovalli
Weiβ et al. (2007)
    • Vallemaggia
      • Lavizzara
        • Sambuco Valley
          • Narèt area
Stalder et al. (1998)
  • Uri
    • Urseren
      • Hospental
        • Chämleten (Kemmleten)
Stalder et al. (1998)
        • St Annabach
Stalder et al. (1973)
  • Valais
    • Sierre
      • Anniviers
        • Grimentz
          • Moiry Valley
Ansermet et al. (2012)
        • Zinal
Ansermet et al. (2012)
Thailand
 
  • Chiang Mai Province
Lenoble et al. (2006, September)
  • Lamphun Province
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Van Kauwenbergh et al. (1988)
Turkey
 
Celebi et al. (2010)
  • Bingöl Province
    • Genç District
Econ Geol (1984)
  • Çanakkale Province
    • Ayvacık District
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Yigit (2012)
  • Erzurum Province
    • Aşkale District
      • Kop Daglari
Dietrich et al. (1978)
Uganda
 
  • Western Region
    • Kabarole
Barker et al. (1989)
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Roche
Day (1999)
    • Derbyshire
      • Bolsover District
        • Hodthorpe and Belph
Peter J. Briscoe et al. (2021)
Ukraine
 
  • Crimea
    • Bakhchysarai
      • Skalistoye
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Dvoichenko P.A. The minerals of Crimea (1914)
    • Belogorsk area
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Alexander I. Tischenko (1996)
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] [Specimen in the Natural History Museum
USA
 
  • Alaska
    • Valdez-Cordova Census Area
      • Chisana Mining District
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] U. S. Geological Survey Open-File ...
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
      • Whetstone Mining District
www.caves.org
    • Yavapai County
AmMin 67: 97-113 (1982)
        • Independence Gulch
London +1 other reference
  • Arkansas
    • Montgomery County
      • Fancy Hill mining district
        • Caddo Gap
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Econ Geol (1987)
Howard (2007)
  • California
    • Humboldt County
      • Coastal Range
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Murdoch (1966)
    • Mono County
      • White Mountains
        • White Mountain Peak
...
    • Riverside County
      • Whitewater (White Water)
David Singer: Highly oxidized rocks ... +2 other references
    • San Benito County
      • Idria (New Idria)
Personally collected and analyzed by ...
    • Trinity County
      • Klamath Mountains
        • Hyampom
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 317 +3 other references
  • Colorado
    • Eagle County
U.S. Geological Survey Professional ...
    • Gunnison County
      • Goose Creek Mining District
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Page et al. (1956) +2 other references
      • White Earth Mining District (Powderhorn Mining District)
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Larimer County
      • Crystal Mountain Pegmatite Mining District (Storm Mountain Mining District)
Rocks & Min.:62:234-235.
Eckel et al. (1997)
Eckel et al. (1997)
        • Storm Mountain
Rocks & Min.: 62: 234.
    • Park County
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Carl (Bob)
    • Teller County
      • Crystal Peak
Valarie Babbitz collection
  • Connecticut
    • Fairfield County
      • Redding (Reading)
        • Branchville
Ronald Januzzi collection
    • Middlesex County
      • East Hampton (Chatham)
        • Cobalt
Moritz (n.d.)
      • Portland
        • Collins Hill
          • Strickland pegmatite
Schooner (circa 1985) +1 other reference
  • Georgia
      • Holly Springs
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
  • Idaho
    • Caribou County
      • Soda Springs
Kampf et al. (2013)
  • Maine
    • Androscoggin County
      • Auburn
        • West Mount Apatite Mining District
      • Poland
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] King et al. (1994)
    • Cumberland County
      • Baldwin
        • West Baldwin
Mineral News (2000)
    • Oxford County
      • Albany
King
King (ed.)
King
      • Buckfield
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] King et al. (1994)
      • Greenwood
        • Uncle Tom Mountain
Falster et al. (2019)
      • Newry
King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] King et al. (1994)
King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] King et al. (1994)
      • Norway
      • Paris
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] King et al. (1994)
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] King et al. (1994)
      • Peru
Dionne et al. (2014)
      • Rumford
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] King et al. (1994)
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Scott Soucey and Tim Blake specimens
      • Stoneham
King et al. (1994)
  • Michigan
    • Dickinson County
      • Waucedah
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Heinrich et al. (2004)
  • Nevada
    • Esmeralda County
      • Candelaria Mining District (Columbus Mining District)
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Castor et al. (2004)
      • Rock Hill Mining District
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Walstrom (n.d.)
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Humboldt County
      • Buffalo Mountain Mining District
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Castor et al. (2004)
    • Lincoln County
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Nye County
      • San Antonio Mountains
        • Tonopah Mining District
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Am.Jour.Sci. et al. (1921)
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Castor et al. (2004)
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Castor et al. (2004)
      • Toquima Range
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Castor et al. (2004)
  • New Hampshire
    • Grafton County
      • Groton
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite]
Journal of Pegmatology vol. 1 +2 other references
    • Sullivan County
      • Newport
King (n.d.)
  • New Jersey
    • Sussex County
      • Franklin
Chris O'neill
  • North Carolina
    • Catawba County
      • Hickory
Keith Wood
    • Cleveland County
      • Kings Mountain
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite]
    • Gaston County
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Magma Field Trip Reports
  • Oklahoma
    • Murray County
Krystyniak (2005)
  • Pennsylvania
    • Berks County
      • Earl Township
        • Shanesville
Smith
    • Huntingdon County
      • Hares Valley area
        • Mapleton
Smith (1977)
  • Puerto Rico
    • Mayagüez
Onac et al. (2011)
Wise (1997)
  • South Dakota
    • Custer County
      • Custer Mining District
        • Fourmile
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117. +1 other reference
        • Pringle
          • Cicero Peak
Moore et al. (1974)
    • Pennington County
      • Keystone Mining District
        • Glendale
Campbell et al. (1985)
        • Keystone
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Smith et al. (2000)
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] USGS Prof Paper 297A
      • Unorganized mining district [5]
King (n.d.)
  • Utah
    • Emery County
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Young et al. (1960)
    • Piute County
Mineralogical Magazine 1998 62 : 265-269
    • Utah County
      • Sunshine Mining District
        • Fairfield
          • Clay Canyon
Wilson (2010)
  • Virginia
    • Bath County
NSS Bulletin 44:90-97 (1982)
    • Campbell County
    • Giles County
      • Pearisburg
Dietrich (1990)
  • West Virginia
Bauer et al. (2022)
  • Wyoming
    • Big Horn County
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Dahllite pseudomorphs after pyrite ...
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] AmMin 20:693
Venezuela
 
  • Aragua
Urbani (1996)
  • Miranda
Urbani
Urbani (1996)
Urbani (1996)
[var: Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite] Urbani (1996)
  • Monagas
Urbani (1996)
Franco Urbani (2009)
Yemen
 
  • Hadhramaut Governorate
Zolensky et al. (2003)
Zimbabwe
 
  • Manicaland
    • Buhera District
USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A
162173 Ryugu
 
 
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