	Gaál, Gabor, Koistinen, Tapio, Mattila, Esa (1975) Tectonics and stratigraphy of the vicinity of Outokumpu, North Karelia, Finland. Including a structural analysis of the Outokumpu ore deposit. Bulletin de la Commission Géologique de Finlande Vol. 271. Geological Survey of Finland	Journal (volume)
	Survey of Finland Bulletin 271 Tectonics and stratigraphy of the Vlclmty of Outokumpu, North Karelia, Finland...Survey of Finland, Bulletin 271 TECTON ICS AN D STRATIGRAPHY OF THE VICINITY OF OUTOKUMPU, N ORTH KARELIA...vicinity of Outokumpu, North I arelia, Finland, including ~ structural ana lysis of the Outokumpu ore deposit...rocks with mica schists, black schists and the Outokumpu association comprising ophiolitic serpentinite... SF-0210/ Espon /0, Finland Tapio Kois/inan, Olltokumpll COmpall)', Kere/ti mine, SF-f!3500 Orrlokllmprl
	*Peltola, E. (1978) Origin of Precambrian copper sulfides of the Outokumpu District, Finland. Economic Geology, 73 (4) 461-477 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.73.4.461*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Precambrian CopperSulfides of the OutokumpuDistrict,Finland ESKO PELTOLA Abstract The Outokumpuregion is...sequence, knownas the Outokumpu zone,a prerequisite for/he occurrenceof Outokumpu-typeores. The lithologicaland...affiliationwith the enclosing metasedimentaryrocksof the Outokumpu sequence.The stratifiedstructureandsystematic...geochemical featuresof the carbonaceous schistsin the Outokumpu districtindicatethattheyweredeposited understagnant...a restrictedenvironmentof sedimentation. The Outokumpu-type sulfidedepositsseemto be the Precambrianequivalentof
	*Loukola-Ruskeeniemi, Kirsti (1999) Origin of black shales and the serpentinite-associated Cu-Zn-Co ores at Outokumpu, Finland. Economic Geology, 94 (7) 1007-1028 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.94.7.1007*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Cu-Zn-CoOresat Outokumpu, Finland KIRSTI LOUKOLA-RUSKEENIEMI• Geological Surveyof Finland,P.O.Box96,FIN-02151Espoo...FIN-02151Espoo, Finland Abstract The Outokumpu Cu-Zn-Codeposits areassociated withserpentinites, interpreted...theserpentinite-assoeiated prospects andminesin theKainuu-Outokumpu areawerecomparedbystudying morethan100drillco...oftheorganicrich mud. Carbonisotope 8•3Cvalues in theKainuu-Outokumpu blackschists gradefrom-30 to -19 permil.Values...pyriteranging from-5.9 to +1.4permilin theKainuu-Outokumpu blackschists. •34Svalues intheOutokumpu Cu-Zn-Co
	Peltonen, P., Kontinen, A., Huhma, H., Kuronen, U. (2008) Outokumpu revisited: New mineral deposit model for the mantle peridotite-associated Cu–Co–Zn–Ni–Ag–Au sulphide deposits. Ore Geology Reviews, 33 (3) 559-617 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2007.07.002	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	559 – 617 www.elsevier.com/locate/oregeorev Outokumpu revisited: New mineral deposit model for the mantle...Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 96, FI-02151, Espoo, Finland Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 1237...FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland c Polar Mining Oy, P.O. Box 15, FI-83501, Outokumpu, Finland Received 31 October...of the Palaeoproterozoic Jormua–Outokumpu thrust belt in eastern Finland enclose m- to km-scale ultramafic...Cu–Co– Zn–Ni–Ag–Au sulphide deposits that sustained mining in the region between 1913 and 1988. Currently
	Loukola-Ruskeeniemi, K. (1991) Geochemical evidence for the hydrothermal origin of sulphur, base metals and gold in Proterozoic metamorphosed black shales, Kainuu and Outokumpu areas, Finland. Mineralium Deposita, 26 (2) doi:10.1007/bf00195262	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Kainuu and Outokumpu areas, Finland K. Loukola-Ruskeeniemi Geological Survey of Finland, 02150 Espoo...Espoo, Finland Received March 1990/Accepted: January 29, 1991 Abstract. Metamorphosed black shale formations...abundantly met in drill cores in the Kainuu and Outokumpu areas. Carbon isotope c~t3C values are comparable...studied in 16 localities in the Proterozoic of Finland, to discover whether hydrothermal activity is reflected...to begin a detailed study in eastern Finland, where the Outokumpu Cu-Co-Zn-Au ore deposits and the Talvivaara
	Young, Seth A., Loukola-Ruskeeniemi, Kirsti, Pratt, Lisa M. (2013) Reactions of hydrothermal solutions with organic matter in Paleoproterozoic black shales at Talvivaara, Finland: Evidence from multiple sulfur isotopes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 367. 1-14 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.02.004	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	in Paleoproterozoic black shales at Talvivaara, Finland: Evidence from multiple sulfur isotopes Seth A...47405, USA Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 96, FI-02151 Espoo, Finland a r t i c l e i n f o abstract...eastern Finland. Previous d34S of studies of the Talvivaara and Outokumpu deposits of eastern Finland focused...(now schists) associated with the Talvivaara and Outokumpu ore deposits. At Talvivaara metalliferous black...mass-anomalous fractionations black shale Paleoproterozoic Finland 1. Introduction Major changes in Earth’s atmosphere
	Loukola-Ruskeeniemi, K., Heino, T., Talvitie, J., Vanne, J. (1991) Base-metal-rich metamorphosed black shales associated with Proterozoic ophiolites in the Kainuu schist belt, Finland: a genetic link with the Outokumpu rock assemblage. Mineralium Deposita, 26 (2) doi:10.1007/bf00195261	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	ophiolites in the Kainuu schist belt, Finland: a genetic link with the Outokumpu rock assemblage K. Loukola-Ruskeeniemi...Geological Survey of Finland, 02150 Espoo, Finland 2 Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 1237, 70701...70701 Kuopio, Finland Received: March 1990/Accepted: January 29, 1991 Abstract. Metamorphosed black shale...essential component of the Early Proterozoic Outokumpu rock assemblage, together with serpentinite, calc-silicate...assemblage, hosting the major Cu-Co-Zn deposits of Outokumpu and considered ophiolitic in origin, has also
	Papunen, H., Gorbunov, G. I. (eds.) (1985) Nickel-copper deposits of the Baltic Shield and Scandinavian Caledonides. Bulletin de la Commission Géologique de Finlande Vol. 333. Geological Survey of Finland	Journal (volume)
	Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 333 Nickel-copper deposits of the Baltic Shield and Scandinavian...tutkimuskeskus Espoo 1985 Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin 333 NICKEL-COPPER DEPOSITS OF THE BALTIC...Scandinavian Caledonides. Geological Survey 01 Finland, Bulletin 333.394 pages, 165 figures, 70 tables...USSR, the Svecokarelian nickel bells in cemral Finland, the Västerbollen nickel prcvince in Sweden, the...Haltic Shield, Ca ledon ides, Precambrian, USSR, Finland, Sweden, Norway REFERENCES: General reference:
	Makkonen, Hannu V., Halkoaho, Tapio, Konnunaho, Jukka, Rasilainen, Kalevi, Kontinen, Asko, Eilu, Pasi (2017) Ni-(Cu-PGE) deposits in Finland – Geology and exploration potential. Ore Geology Reviews, 90. 667-696 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.06.008	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Accepted Manuscript Ni-(Cu-PGE) deposits in Finland – geology and exploration potential Hannu V. Makkonen... A. Kontinen, P. Eilu, Ni(Cu-PGE) deposits in Finland – geology and exploration potential, Ore Geology...journal pertain. Title: Ni-(Cu-PGE) deposits in Finland – geology and exploration potential Authors: Hannu...Makkonen, Geological Survey of Finland Tapio Halkoaho, Geological Survey of Finland Jukka Konnunaho, Geological...Geological Survey of Finland Kalevi Rasilainen, Geological Survey of Finland Asko Kontinen, Geological Survey
	*Frietsch, R., Papunen, H., Vokes, F. M. (1979) The ore deposits in Finland, Norway, and Sweden; a review. Economic Geology, 74 (5) 975-1001 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.74.5.975*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	GBOLOGISTS AuGusT, 1979 No. 5 The Ore Depositsin Finland,Norway,andSweden a Review Introduction DESPITE...capacityof the nickel-coppermine at four countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the Vammala was increasedand...the last few mining field are the Sokli carbonatitecomplex,the Kolari iron ore district,and the Pahtavuomacopper...areas tion first went into production1654, the mining inand ore types. The metallogenyof the Nordic coun-...metric Kahma et al., 1979). The ore depositsof Finland tons of iron concentratesand pellets,0.78 million
	*Mikkola, Aimo (1980) The metallogeny of Finland. Bulletin de la Commission Géologique de Finlande* Vol. 305. Geological Survey of Finland**	Journal (volume)
	Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 305 The metallogeny of Finland by Aimo Mikkola Geologinen tutkimuslaitos.... Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin 305 THE METALLOGENY OF FINLAND by AIMO MIKKOLA with 9 fig...1980 Mikkola, Aim o 1980. The metallogeny of Finland. Ceological Sllrvey land, Btilletin 305. 22 pages...metallogenic epochs and types of mineral deposits in Finland are discussed. Thc Archean iron and nickel-copper... minera l deposits, metallogeny, Precambrian, Finland. Pro]. Aimo Mikkola, Helsi"ki U"iversity Fin/and
	Loukola-Ruskeeniemi, Kirsti, Lahtinen, Hannu (2013) Multiphase evolution in the black-shale-hosted Ni–Cu–Zn–Co deposit at Talvivaara, Finland. Ore Geology Reviews, 52. 85-99 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2012.10.006	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Talvivaara, Finland Kirsti Loukola-Ruskeeniemi a,⁎, Hannu Lahtinen b a b Geological Survey of Finland, P.O...FI-02151 Espoo, Finland Talvivaara Exploration Ltd., Talvivaarantie 66, FI-88120 Tuhkakylä, Finland a r t i...Sulphide deposit Sulphur isotope values Talvivaara Finland a b s t r a c t The Talvivaara deposit contains...rocks occur along the rift-related sequence to the north and south of Talvivaara. Characteristic features... 0.02% Co and 0.49% Zn (Talvivaara Mining Company, 2011). Mining started in 2008 and is estimated to
	*Park, Adrian F. (1988) Nature of the early proterozoic Outokumpu assemblage, Eastern Finland. Precambrian Research, 38 (2) 131-146 doi:10.1016/0301-9268(88)90088-5*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	NATURE OF THE EARLY PROTEROZOIC OUTOKUMPU ASSEMBLAGE, EASTERN FINLAND ADRIAN F PARK Department of Geology...Proterozoic Outokumpu assemblage, eastern Finland Precambnan Res, 38 131-146 The 1970 Ma old Outokumpu assemblage...Proterozolc (2200-1950 Ma) Karehdes of eastern Finland Its formation occurred after the development of...prior to the deposltmn of the Kalewan flysch The Outokumpu assemblage has been compared to an ophmhte, and...constitute part of the deposlhonal basement to the Outokumpu assemblage (and the Kalewan flysch), which formed
	*Vaasjoki, Matti (1981) The lead isotopic composition of some Finnish galenas. Bulletin de la Commission Géologique de Finlande* Vol. 316. Geological Survey of Finland**	Journal (volume)
	Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 316 The lead isotopic composition of some Finnish galenas by...tutkimuslaitos Espoo 1981 Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin 316 THE LEAD ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF...of some Finnish galenas. Geologieal Survey of Finland, BuLLetin 316. 25 pages, 6 figures, one table and...isotopie analyses of 85 galenas from 54 loealities in Finland are reported. The leads from both the Arehean basement...isotopie determinations to mineral exploration in Finland is more plausible than ever. Key words: lead, isotopes
	*Gaál, G (1990) Tectonic styles of Early Proterozoic ore deposition in the Fennoscandian Shield. Precambrian Research, 46 (1) 83-114 doi:10.1016/0301-9268(90)90068-2*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Shield G. GAAL Geological Survey of Finland, SF-02150 Espoo (Finland) Abstract Ga~il, G., 1990. Tectonic...s. The Cu, Co, Zn, Ni and Cr contents of the Outokumpu-type deposits derive from hydrothermal leaching...tholeiitic-sedimentarycomplex of the Petsenga Ni-Cu district,intruded by mineralized mafic-ultramafic magma...al., 1984; Park et al., 1984; Berthelsen Metal mining in the Fennoscandian Shield is of great economic... Nordkalott III Au-Co Kuusamo IV Cu-Zn-Co Outokumpu V Ni-Cu . . . . Viisterbotten VI Kotalahti
	*Törnroos, Ragnar (1982) Sphalerite geobarometry of some metamorphosed sulphide ore deposits in Finland. Bulletin de la Commission Géologique de Finlande* Vol. 323. Geological Survey of Finland**	Journal (volume)
	Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 323 Sphalerite geobarometry of some metamorphosed sulphide ore...ore deposits in Finland by Ragnar Törnroos Geologinen tutkimuslaitos Espoo 1982 Geological Survey of...of Finland, Bulletin 323 SPHALERITE GEOBAROMETRY OF SO ME METAMORPHOSED SULPHIDE ORE DEPOSITS IN FINLAND...metamorphosed sulphide ore deposits in Finland. Geological Survey 01 Finland, Bulletin 323 . 42 pages, 7 figures...in Proterozoic schists of Finland. In the Vihanti ore zone, the Outokumpu area and the Tampere schist
	*Saltikoff, Boris, Puustinen, Kauko, Tontti, Mikko (2006) Metallogenic zones and metallic mineral deposits in Finland. Special Paper* 35. Geological Survey of Finland**	Report (issue)
	Geological Survey of Finland Special Paper 35 Boris Saltikoff, Kauko Puustinen and Mikko Tontti Metallogenic...deposits in Finland Explanation to the Metallogenic Map of Finland Geological Survey of Finland Espoo 2006...metallic mineral deposits in Finland – Explanation to the Metallogenic Map of Finland. Geologian tutkimuskeskus...tutkimuskeskus – Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 35. 66 pages, 19 figures, 2 tables. This paper contains...contains explanations to the Metallogenic Map of Finland 1 : 1 000 000 (Saltikoff et al. 2002). The aim
	*TRELOAR, P. J. (1987) The Cr-minerals of Outokumpu--Their Chemistry and Significance. Journal of Petrology, 28 (5) 867-886 doi:10.1093/petrology/28.5.867*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	The Cr-minerals of Outokumpu—Their Chemistry and Significance by PETER J. TRELOAR Department of Geology...April 1987) INTRODUCTION The Outokumpu district of Finnish Karelia is economically important, for its...The massive Cu-Co-Zn sulfidc ores at Outokumpu in Finnish Karelia are unusual among Cyprustype deposits...(Kerrih & Fryer, 1981; Winchester & Max, 1984). The Outokumpu region presents the opportunity to explore a number...The stratiform ore deposits of the Outokumpu district of North Karelia are an integral part of a sequence
	*Maier, Wolfgang D., Lahtinen, Raimo, O'Brien, Hugh - Eds.* (2015) Mineral Deposits of Finland. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/c2012-0-02750-0**	Book
	Mineral Deposits of Finland Edited by Wolfgang D. Maier Raimo Lahtinen Hugh O’Brien AMSTERDAM • BOSTON...Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, Finland I. Haapala University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland T. Halkoaho...Geological Survey of Finland, Kuopio, Finland E. Hanski Oulu Mining School, Oulu, Finland A. Hartikainen Geological...Geological Survey of Finland, Kuopio, Finland C. Hartshorne AngloAmerican Exploration, London, UK T....Mawson Resources, Finland E. Heilimo Geological Survey of Finland, Kuopio, Finland P. Heino Yara Suomi
	Loukola-Ruskeeniemi, Kirsti, Heino, Timo (1996) Geochemistry and genesis of the black shale-hosted Ni-Cu-Zn deposit at Talvivaara, Finland. Economic Geology, 91 (1) 80-110 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.91.1.80	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Talvivaara, Finland KIRSTI LOUKOLA-RUSKEENIEMI Geological Surveyof Finland,FIN-02150Espoo,Finland AND TIMO... HEINO Geological Surveyof Finland,P.O.Box1237,FIN-70701Kuopio, Finland Abstract The Talvivaara depositis...prospects of theOutokumpu typearepresent in theKainuu-Outokumpu region; talc-carbonate rocks(altered serpentinites)...hydrothermal field. The Talvivaara Ni-Cu-Zndepositandthe Outokumpu serpentinite-associated Cu-Co-Zn-Au-Ni deposits...thoseof theNi occurrences hostedby quartzrocksat Outokumpu. Thereare,however, distinct differences between
	Sherwood Lollar, B., Frape, S.K., Weise, S.M., Fritz, P., Macko, S.A., Welhan, J.A. (1993) Abiogenic methanogenesis in crystalline rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57 (23) 5087-5097 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(93)90610-9	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	y anomalous CH4-rich gas deposits are found in mining sites on both the Canadian and Fennoscandian shields...gases from Sudbury, Canada, and Juuka and Pori, Finland. The D-depleted H2 gas and calculated ADIcH,-H2)...at a number of other sites in both Canada and Finland implies that similar mechanisms may be involved...gases of the present study occur in Canada and Finland in the same hydrogeological environment, stored...Canadian Shield The Cu-Ni ore at Copper Cliff South Mine (CCS) in Sudbury, Ontario, is associated with a
	*Simonen, Ahti (1980) The Precambrian in Finland. Bulletin de la Commission Géologique de Finlande* Vol. 304. Geological Survey of Finland**	Journal (volume)
	Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin 304 THE PREC'AMBRIAN IN FINLAND BY AHTI SIMONEN with 35 figures... Simonen, Ahti: 1980 The Precambrian in Finland. GeologicalSurvey of Finland, Bulletin 304. 58 pages,. 35 figures...figures, 3 tables. The Precambrian crust, of Finland forms the central part of the Baltic Shield, which...the geological evolution of the Precambrian in Finland. The most important events in the geological evolution...orogeny, Precambrian, Finland Prof.. Ahti Sissonen, Otakuja 3 D 46, 02150 Espoo 15, Finland ISBN 951-690-111-
	*Tanskanen, Heikki (ed.) (1986) The development of geological sciences in Finland. Bulletin de la Commission Géologique de Finlande* Vol. 336. Geological Survey of Finland**	Journal (volume)
	Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 336 The development of geological sciences in Finland Edited by Heikki... Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin 336 THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES IN FINLAND Edited by HEIKKI...Mineral exploration and geologieal surveys in Finland before 1886 ... ... ............. . .. .. . . ...Preeambrian in Finland .... Maunu Härme: The hi story of petrologie study in Finland ....... . ........ Kai Hytönen: The hi story of mineralogy in Finland 1918- 1984 . . ... ... Kalevi Virkkala: History of
	*Kompanchenko, Alena, Voloshin, Anatoly, Balagansky, Victor (2018) Vanadium Mineralization in the Kola Region, Fennoscandian Shield. Minerals, 8 (11) 474 doi:10.3390/min8110474*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	in in the the Kola Kola region deposits in in Finland [15,16], thethe Sätra deposit in regionin inRussia...theOutokumpu Outokumpuand andVihanti Vihanti deposits Finland [15,16], Sätra deposit Sweden [17], and the Rampura...Rampura Agucha deposit in India [18]. The Outokumpu and Sätra deposits are in Sweden [17], and the Rampura...Rampura Agucha deposit in India [18]. The Outokumpu and Sätra deposits the of localities for karelianite...core and north-eastern is located in a transitional zone between the orogenic core and north-eastern foreland
	Ekdahl, Elias (1993) Early Proterozoic Karelian and Svecofennian formations and the Evolution of the Raahe-Ladoga Ore Zone, based on the Pielavesi area, central Finland. Bulletin de la Commission Géologique de Finlande Vol. 373. Geological Survey of Finland	Journal (volume)
	Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 373 Early Proterozoic Karelian and Svec ofenn ian for ma tions...tutkimusk eskus Es poo 1l)l)3 Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin 37~ E)\.RL Y PROTEROZOIC KARELIAN AND...on the Pielavesi area, central Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin 373, 137 pages, 49 figures...appendices and 2 appended maps. Studies inthe Pielavesi district, in the boundary zone between the Svecofennian...The whole boundary zone, including the Pielavesi district, can be correlated with the succession in northern

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Graphite from Vuonos Mine, Outokumpu mining district, Outokumpu, North Karelia, Finland

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Vuonos Mine, Outokumpu mining district, Outokumpu, North Karelia, Finland